Baku Metro () is a rapid transit system serving Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. First opened on 6 November 1967 when Azerbaijan was part of the Soviet Union, its features are typical of former Soviet systems, including very deep central stations and exquisite decorations that blend traditional Azerbaijani national motifs with Soviet ideology. At present, the system has of bidirectional tracks, made up of three lines served by 27 stations. The Baku Metro is the only rapid transit system in Azerbaijan. Baku Metro was the fifth metro in the Soviet Union and the thirty-fourth in the world. In 2015, it carried 222.0 million, passengers, an average daily ridership of approximately 608,200. In 2024, it carried 229.6 million, an average daily ridership of 627,279.
Baku Metro Closed Joint-Stock Company (Baku Metro CJSC) or (LLC Limited Liability Company), the company which runs the Baku Metro, was founded according Decree No. 289 Of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on February 27, 2014, as a legal successor to Baku Metro and Azertunelmetrotikinti Joint Stock Company. Property along with rights and obligations of Baku Metro and Azertunelmetrotikinti Joint Stock Company were transferred to the newly established Baku Metro CJSC.
History During the final decades of the Russian Empire the port city of Baku became a large metropolis due to the discovery of oil in the Caspian Sea. By the 1930s, it was the capital of the Azerbaijani SSR and the largest city in Soviet Transcaucasia. The first plans for a rapid-transit system date to the 1930s, with the adoption of a new general plan for city development. After World War II, the population passed the one million mark, a requirement of Soviet law for construction of a metro system. In 1947, the Soviet Cabinet of Ministers issued a decree authorizing its construction, which began in 1951. On November 6, 1967, Baku Metro became the Soviet Union's fifth rapid-transit system when the first of track and a depot were inaugurated, in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution.
Due to the city's unique landscape, Baku Metro did not have the typical Soviet "triangle" layout of development, and instead had two elliptical lines which crossed each other in the center of the city at the Baku railway station. Thus, one line would begin at the southwestern end of the city, and cross on a northeastern axis to follow the residential districts on the northern edge of the city and then snake along to the southeastern and ultimately southern end. This was inaugurated in three stages: Ulduz (1970) and Neftçilər (1972), followed by Ahmedli (1989) and finally Hazi Aslanov (2002), completing the first line. Additionally, in 1970 a branch was opened to a station built in a depot, Bakmil.
The second line was to parallel the Caspian coast from Hazi Aslanov through Baku's industrial districts, meeting the first line again at the Baku Railway Terminal, and then continuing westwards before turning north to join Baku's northwestern districts. To accelerate construction, a branch was opened from May 28 station to Khatai in 1968, and in 1976 in the opposite direction towards Nizami. The second and first line used the same station (May 28). This posed no serious problems initially, as the line was two stations long, but when the second stage opened in 1985, lengthening the line to 8 stations (Memar Ajemi), construction of a transfer was desperately needed.
In 1993, the first stage of the transfer station Jafar Jabbarli came in operation, but the end of the Soviet Union, political unrest, the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the financial collapse which followed effectively paralyzed any construction attempts in Baku. Furthermore, during the mid-1990s, three mass casualty incidents took place: on March 19 and July 3, 1994, terrorist attacks killed 27 people and injured another 91, and on October 28 of the following year a fire in a crowded train killed 289 and injured 265 others, the world's deadliest subway disaster.
In the late 1990s, construction restarted. The first project was the completion of Hazi Aslanov station, partly sponsored by the European Union. In the mid-2000s, construction of the northern end of the second line, abandoned since 1994, was restarted with Nasimi station opening on October 9, 2008.
Network
Lines LineSegmentDate openedLast extensionLengthStationsRed ↔ 196710 December 200220.1 km13Green ↔ 197629 June 201112.2 km8Green ↔ 196827 October 19932.3 km2PurpleKhojasan ↔ 201623 December 20226.1 km4
Timeline Segment Date opened Length – November 6, 19676.5 km – February 22, 19682.3 km – May 5, 19702.1 km – September 25, 1970 (reconstructed in 1978–79)0.5 km – November 7, 19725.3 km – December 31, 19762.2 km – December 31, 19856.5 km – April 28, 19893.3 km - December 27, 19932.3 km – December 10, 20021.4 km – October 9, 20082.1 km – December 30, 20091.3 km – June 29, 20111.5 km – April 19, 20162.1 km – May 29, 20211.6 km – KhojasanDecember 23, 20222.4 kmTotal27 stations40.7 km
Renaming of stations OldNewDate of renamingŞaumyanXətaiMay 11, 199026 Bakı KomissarıSahilApril 9, 1992XI Qızıl Ordu Meydanı20 YanvarApril 27, 199228 Aprel28 MayApril 9, 1992AvroraQara QarayevApril 27, 1992ElektrozavodBakmilJanuary 1, 1993Bakı SovetiİçәrişәhәrApril 25, 2007Məşədi ƏzizbəyovKoroğluDecember 30, 2011
Expansion plans At present, there are several expansion projects planned, two of which are under construction. In 2011, the Chief Executive of the Baku Metro, Taghi Ahmadov, announced plans to construct up to 53 new stations by 2030. Currently, eight stations and one train depot is under construction for Green Line. These will serve the new bus complex as well as Heydar Aliyev International Airport.
The signalling, supervision and telecommunication systems for Phase 1 of the Purple Line will be upgraded by Thales.
Three new stations were planned to open by 2015, according to Ahmadov; Avtovağzal Bus Terminal was scheduled to open in late 2012 (delayed to 2016), while Old Gunashli and New Gunashli were planned to begin operating before 2015 (not yet open).
Construction of the intermediate section of the Green Line, between Khatai and Hazi Aslanov along Nobel Avenue, began in August 2013 by a French–Ukrainian consortium.
The Baku Metro will be refitted with modern technologies. The new stations will be able to handle trains with up to seven cars.The stations will feature modern platforms, lobbies, escalators, and new signalling and control systems.
Most recent updated expansion plan consists of 5 lines, 77 stations and about 119 km total length of network. However, there is potential for future expansion of Baku Metro to 7 lines, 135 stations and about 200km network.
Current construction
Lines LineSegmentDate to openLengthStationsGreenY-17 ↔ Y-18before 2040~3 km1Green ↔ Hazi Aslanov~2030~7.0 km4Green ↔ Darnagul Depot 2027~1 km1Purple ↔ 20 September20261.2 km1
Under planning
Lines LineSegmentDate to openLengthStationsRed ↔ Q-3~2040~3.8 km2RedQ-3 ↔ Q-1 Badamdarafter 2040~6.2 km2Red ↔ Q-19 Zykhafter 2040~3 km2Green ↔ Y-1after 2030~7.0 km3GreenY-1 ↔ Y-18~2040~10 km5GreenY-14 ↔ Y-17~2031~7.0 km3Purple20 September↔ Keshla~2030~7.0 km4PurpleB-8 ↔ B-12after 2040~10 km4 M-1 Yeni Yasamal ↔ M-11after 204016.3 km11 S-1 Binagadi ↔ S-11 Bibiheybatafter 204014.7 km11
Structural units Baku Metro Closed Joint-Stock Company embracing such important areas like subway operation and construction, has the following structural units:
Traffic service Depot Department Tunnel Facilities Services Traffic Services Electricity Supply Services Electromechanical Service Overhaul Services Alarm and Communication Services Automototransportation Services United workshops Construction Department Human Resources and Services Department Department of Perspective Development and Capital Construction Supervision Department of Finance
Depots
Bakmil Depot Red Line Darnagul Depot Green Line Khojasan Depot Purple Line Kohne Guneshli Green Line (planned) Ramana Depot Blue Line (planned) Binagadi Depot Yellow Line (planned)
Operation Officially Baku Metro has two lines, however due to problems with opening the second part of Cəfər Cabbarlı, Baku instead operates as a large four branch system, with trains travelling from Həzi Aslanov to either İçərişəhər or Dərnəgul, branching at May 28 (beneath the main train station). Rare services from both Dərnəgul and İçərişəhər also terminate at Bakmil, but only twice per hour. There is a one-stop second line that operates separately between Cəfər Cabbarlı (essentially different platforms within the same station as May 28) and Şah İsmail Xətai, a shuttle service using only one of the two tracks due to low demand. The second interchange station is “Memar Əcəmi" where Green and Violet Lines cross.
Due to the city's uneven landscape, some stations are very deep, that could double as bomb shelters in case of a nuclear war attack, given that the system was built at the height of the Cold War in the 1950s/early 1960s. All seven of these deep level stations have a standard pylon design. The majority of the system's stations, 13, are shallow pillar-trispans. In addition, one station, Bakmil, is a single platform surface level.
Like many other former Soviet systems, most of the stations of the system are exquisitely decorated; many features advanced Soviet motives in artwork (including mosaics, sculpture and bas-reliefs) and architecture such as those of progress and international culture, whilst others focus on traditional Azeri culture and history. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, several stations were renamed, and some of their decoration was altered to comply with the new ideology.
Ticketing The system works on a flat fare of 60 gapiks (0.60 AZN) per trip, following a price hike on October 1, 2025. Some Baku residents were reportedly unhappy with the price hike, citing the age of the metro system's infrastructure. Until 2006, metro users accessed the stations with metal (later plastic) tokens placed into turnstiles. In 2006, the Baku Metro introduced an RFID card system using rechargeable fare cards, which require a 2-manat deposit (plus travel credit).
BakuCard is a single Smart Card for payment on Baku Metro and BakuBus. The intercity buses and metro use this type of card-based fare-payment system.
Wi-fi and mobile phone coverage Work to install free Wi-Fi service at Koroghlu station is underway.
Local mobile service provider Nar Mobile has started to provide 3G coverage at Sahil, Nəsimi, 28 May, Memar Əcəmi, Azadlıq prospekti and Dərnəgül. Service will expand to all stations as well as to tunnels by May.
Rolling stock As of the beginning of 2020, 81-717/714 (including later modifications .5 .5B and .5M) and their modernized version 81-717M/714M, 81-760B/761B/763B "Oka" and 81-765.B/766.B stock trains are operating on the metro. 81-710 («Еж3») and 81-704/81-705/81-706 («Ем, Ема, Емх») stock trains were also operating on the metro until they were retired in 2008. As well as 81-703 («Е») and 81-707 («Еж») which were retired in 2001. All rolling stock on the Baku Metro has been produced by Metrowagonmash.
Since 2014, the refurbishment of 81-717/714 (and their modifications .5 .5B and .5M) has been underway in Tbilisi's branch of ZREPS. During the refurbishment, the front car is fitted with a new fibreglass cab end similar to those operating on the Prague Metro. Inside the train, it is fitted with new cab instruments as well as new seats, although the interior is kept relatively the same. Aside from the visual changes, the train is also fitted with new electrical equipment. Since the beginning of the programme the design of the front ends has been altered and now features a different headlamp design and the shape has been slightly changed.