Mongolia has diplomatic relations with all 192 UN states, the Holy See, the State of Palestine and the European Union.
Its geopolitical position is defined by its geographical location, situated between Russia and China, relying on trade with both sides. Officially, it maintains a neutral stance on international matters. It has a modest number of missions abroad.
Diplomatic relations List of countries which Mongolia maintains diplomatic relations with: #CountryDate123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263 646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103—104105106107108109110111112113114115116—117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192
Africa
Country Formal Relations BeganNotesDiplomatic relations between Egypt and Mongolia were established in 1964. Cairo currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the African continent. In 2001, Mongolia sent policemen to Egypt to attend trainings sessions on anti-terrorism and the prevention of drug trafficking. Mongolian President Natsagiin Bagabandi and his wife Azadsurengiin Oyunbileg paid an official visit to Egypt in April 2004, during which he invited Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to pay him a return visit in Mongolia. Almost exactly one year later, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit visited Mongolia, during which he began the planning of mutual visits of the ministers of finance of the two countries.
Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Egypt
Americas Country Formal Relations BeganNotes1973-11-30Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1973. Canada is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia has an embassy in Ottawa, and in 2002 opened an honorary consulate in Toronto. Though Canada and Mongolia established diplomatic ties in 1973, ad hoc linkages and minor activities occurred between the two countries mainly through the Canada-Mongolia Society, which disbanded in 1980. When Mongolia formed a democratic government in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Canada began to support Mongolia with donor activities through the International Development Research Centre, Canadian International Development Agency and several non-governmental organizations.1975-09-24In October 2001, Mexican President Vicente Fox paid an official visit to Mongolia. Mexico is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Seoul, South Korea and maintains an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.Honorary Consulate of Mongolia in Mexico City 2003-06-17 Mongolia is accredited to Paraguay through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil. Paraguay is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Seoul, South Korea. Mongolia signed a visa-free agreement with Paraguay on 26 September 2019.Mongolia and Paraguay sign visa waiver agreement2021-02-241987-01-27The U.S. government recognized Mongolia in January 1987 and established its first embassy in Ulaanbaatar in June 1988. It formally opened in September 1988. The first U.S. ambassador to Mongolia, Richard L. Williams, was not a resident there. Joseph E. Lake, the first resident ambassador, arrived in July 1990. Secretary of State James A. Baker, III visited Mongolia in August 1990, and again in July 1991. Mongolia accredited its first ambassador to the United States in March 1989. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Mongolia in May 1998, and Prime Minister Enkhbayar visited Washington in November 2001. Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage visited Mongolia in January 2004, and President Bagabandi came to Washington for a meeting with President George W. Bush in July 2004. President Bush, Mrs. Bush, and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Mongolia in November 2005. It was the first ever visit of a U.S. President to Mongolia.Montsame News Agency. Mongolia. 2006, Foreign Service Office of Montsame News Agency, , p. 57 Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld visited in October 2005 and Speaker of the House of Representatives Dennis Hastert visited Mongolia in August 2005. Agriculture Secretary Johanns led a presidential delegation in July 2006 in conjunction with Mongolia's celebration of its 800th anniversary. President Enkhbayar visited the White House in October 2007 and the two presidents signed the Millennium Challenge Compact for Mongolia.
In 2008, the IRS presented a discussion of US Federal income tax to Director General Zorig Luvsandash from the General Department of National Taxation of the Republic of Mongolia.
In August 2011, Joe Biden made the first visit to Mongolia by a sitting U.S. Vice President since Henry Wallace toured the region in 1944.Robb, Greg, "The subtleties of Biden’s trip to Mongolia" , MarketWatch, 16 August 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
East Asia Country Formal Relations BeganNotes1949-10-16In the Post–Cold War era, China has taken major steps to normalize its relationship with Mongolia, emphasizing its respect for Mongolia's sovereignty and independence. In 1994, Chinese Premier Li Peng signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation. China has become Mongolia's biggest trade partner and source of foreign investment as well as the destination for 48% of Mongolian exports. Bilateral trade reached US$1.13 billion by the first nine months of 2007, registering an increase of 90% from 2006. China offered to allow the use of its Tianjin port to give Mongolia and its goods access to trade with the Asia Pacific region. China also expanded its investments in Mongolia's mining industries, seeking to develop the country's natural resources industry. Mongolia and China have stepped up cooperation on fighting terrorism and bolstering regional security. China is likely to support Mongolia's membership in to the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and granting it observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.noneAs the Republic of China did not recognize Mongolia until 1945, both countries did not exchange any diplomats between 1946 and 1949, and Mongolia recognized the People's Republic of China in 1949, there have never been formal diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the Republic of China. Until the 1990s, the Republic of China still considered Mongolia part of its territory. The Republic of China (currently on Taiwan) has not renounced claim to Mongolia as one of its provinces, primarily out of concern that such a move would be viewed as a precursor to renouncing sovereignty over all of Mainland China and Taiwan independence. In 2002 several ROC officials and government agencies passed laws and made strong statements recognizing Mongolia's sovereignty over the area (unofficially). "Outer Mongolia" was removed from the ROC's official maps and a representative office was established in Ulaanbaatar.
Citizens of the Republic of China may travel to Mongolia using Republic of China passports (as is the case for most countries except the PRC), but Mongolian visas are stapled into (and not applied directly onto) the passport and Mongolian immigration authorities stamp the stapled visa instead of the passport. This is also the case for Hong Kong visas and entry/exit stamps.1972-02-24Japan has been a major ally of Mongolia since the advent of democracy in 1991, and remains the largest single donor. Japanese aid and loans to Mongolia between 1991 and 2003 equal $1.2 billion, equaling 70 percent of total aid and loans.
The two countries established a cultural exchange dialogue in 1974, a trade agreement in 1990, an air relations agreement in 1993, and an investment agreement in 2003. Trade between Mongolia and Japan in the first ten months of 2004 was $83.3 million. In addition, about 500 Mongolian students study in Japan.
Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj visited Japan in 2011, and the two countries made a joint announcement regarding a strategic alliance.
In 1991, Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu visited Mongolia, becoming the first to do so. Mongolian President Natsagiin Bagabandi first visited Japan in 1998. Mongolia has an embassy in Tokyo, established in 1973. Japan has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Mongolia Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Japan 1948-10-15Mongolia has an embassy in North Korea. Relations date back to 1948, when Mongolia recognised Kim Il Sung's Soviet-backed government in the North. North Korean refugees are a delicate issue between the two governments. In 2005, South Korean charity groups received from the Mongolian government an allocation of 1.3 square kilometres of land at an unspecified location 40 kilometres outside of Ulaanbaatar to establish a refugee camp. However, as of November 2006, Miyeegombyn Enkhbold, Mongolia's prime minister, officially denied the existence of such camps. One scholar estimated that 500 North Korean refugees enter Mongolia each month, along with some legal migrant labourers who come under an inter-governmental agreement to work in light industry and infrastructure projects.1990-03-26Mongolians in South Korea form the largest population of Mongolian citizens abroad.. Their numbers were estimated at 33,000 as of 2008.
South Korea established an embassy in Ulaanbaatar in 1990. South Korean embassy in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia established its embassy in Seoul in 1991. The relationship between the two countries has been defined by the Joint Mongolia-South Korean notice made during the visit of South Korean president Kim Dae-jung to Mongolia in 1990.
South East Asia Country Formal Relations BeganNotes1960-11-30 Mongolia is accredited to Cambodia through its embassy in Vientiane, Laos. Cambodia is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China.1956-12-21 Indonesia and Mongolia formally established diplomatic relations in 1956, marked by President Sukarno's state visit to Ulaanbaatar in the same year. For diplomatic affairs, the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Beijing, China, doubles as the Indonesian representative for Mongolia. Meanwhile, Mongolia has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Jakarta and Surabaya.1971-09-08 Mongolia did not present an ambassador to Malaysia for seven years due to the murder of a Mongolian citizen in the country, but later decided to appoint an ambassador in 2014.1970-06-11 Mongolia has an embassy in Singapore. The Embassy of Singapore accredited to Mongolia is in Seoul. Around 20 Singaporeans live in Mongolia; 4,804 Singaporeans visited Mongolia in 2017–2018. Around 250 Mongolians live in Singapore; 7,196 Mongolians visited Singapore in 2017–2018.1954-11-17 The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1954. Mongolia has an embassy in Vietnam. The countries signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty in 1961, renewed it in 1979, and signed a new one in 1995. On 13 January 2003, the countries signed an 8-point cooperative document committing to cooperation between the two governments and their legislative bodies, replacing an earlier document signed in 1998.
South Asia Country Formal Relations BeganNotes1962-02-01In December 2013 Mongolia re-established its embassy in Kabul.Элчин сайд О. Дамбийням Афганистаны Ерөнхийлөгчид итгэмжлэх жуух бичгээ барилаа (Mongolian)1955-12-24India established diplomatic relations in December 1955. India was the first country outside the Soviet bloc to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia. Since then, there have been treaties of mutual friendship and cooperation between the two countries in 1973, 1994, 2001 and 2004.
Russia, Central Asia and West Asia