List of extinct languages of North America

This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendants, and that diverged from their parent language in North America. Most of these languages are languages of former Native American tribes.

There are 220 Indigenous, 2 Creole, 3 European, 5 Sign and 13 Pidgin languages listed. In total 243 languages.

Canada Indigenous languages Language nameLanguage familyExtinction dateNotesReferencesBeothukunclassified6 June 1829LaurentianIroquoianlate 16th centuryNeutral HuronIroquoian1671"The Neutral Confederacy". The Canadian EncyclopediaNicolaNa-Deneearly 20th centuryPentlatchSalishan1940Revival attempts underwayPetunIroquoian17th centuryTagishNa-Dene2008Southern TsimshianTsimshianic2013Revival attempts underway European language dialects Language or dialect nameDialect parent languageLanguage familyExtinction dateNotesReferencesNewfoundland IrishIrishIndo-European20th century Pidgin languages Language namePidgin parent language(s)Extinction dateNotesReferencesAlgonquian–Basque pidginBasque, Algonquianapprox. 1711Haida JargonHaida1830sLyle Campbell (1997) American Indian Languages, p. 24Inuktitut-English PidginInuktitut, English1960sMarianne Mithun (2001) The Languages of Native North America, p 595Labrador Inuit Pidgin FrenchFrench, Inuktitut18th centuryNootka JargonNuu-chah-nulth(date missing)Slavey JargonSlavey, French19th century

Caribbean Indigenous languages Language nameLanguage familyExtinction dateLocationsReferencesCaquetioArawakan1862ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)Ciguayounclassified16th centuryHispaniolaGuanahatabeyunclassified16th centuryCubaKalinago/Island Carib/IñeriArawakan1920sWindward Islands (Guadeloupe to Grenada, except Barbados)Macorixunclassified16th centuryHispaniolaShebayoArawakanattested 17th centuryTrinidadTaínoArawakan17th centuryWidespread throughout Caribbean YaoCariban17th centuryTrinidad, French GuianaTassinari (2003) No Bom da Festa, p 122–125

Central America Indigenous languages Language nameLanguage familyExtinction dateLocationsReferencesAlagüilacunclassifiedbefore 16th centuryGuatemalaCacaoperaMisumalpan20th centuryEl SalvadorChiquimulillaXincan1996GuatemalaChʼoltiʼMayanlate 18th centuryGuatemala, BelizeCorobicíChibchan(date missing)Costa RicaCuevaunclassified (Choco?)by 1535PanamaDorasqueChibchan(date missing)PanamaHuetarChibchan17th centuryCosta RicaGuazacapánXincan1997GuatemalaJumaytepequeXincan1997GuatemalaHonduran LencaLencan20th centuryHonduras, El SalvadorMangue/ChorotegaOto-Manguean19th centuryNicaragua, Honduras, and Costa RicaMatagalpaMisumalpan1997NicaraguaSinacantánXincan20th centuryGuatemalaSubtiabaOto-Manguean20th centuryNicaraguaVotoChibchan(date missing)Costa RicaWestern JicaqueJicaqueanlate 19th centueryHondurasYupiltepequeXincan1920sGuatemala

Sign languages Language nameExtinction dateReferencesBribri Sign Languageby 1991

Greenland European language dialects Language nameLanguage familyExtinction dateNotesReferencesGreenlandic NorseNorth Germaniclate 15th or early 16th centuryHagland, Jan Ragnar (2002). "Language loss and destandardization in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times". In The Nordic Languages : An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages : Volume 2, pp. 1233–1237. Pidgin languages Language namePidgin parent language(s)Extinction dateNotesReferencesWest Greenlandic Pidgin Greenlandic19th centuryHein van der Voort, "Eskimo pidgin", in Arends, Muysken, & Smith (eds), 1995, Pidgins and Creoles: an introduction

Mexico Indigenous languages Language or dialect nameDialect parent languageLanguage familyExtinction dateNotesReferencesAcaxeeUto-Aztecan17–18th centuryCabilMayan(date missing)May be ChicomuceltecCazcan/Caxcan/KaskánUto-Aztecan16th or 17th centuryChiapanecOto-Manguean20th centuryChicomuceltecMayan1970s or 1980sChontal of Guerrerounclassified(date missing)Chumbiaunclassified(date missing)CochimíYuman–Cochimíearly 20th centuryComecrudoComecrudan19th centuryCuitlatec/CuitlatecoLanguage isolate1960sClassical NáhuatlNahuatlUto-Aztecan late 16th centuryused as the lingua franca of the Aztec Empire until its collapseEudeveUto-Aztecan1930sMamuliqueComecrudan19th centuryMaratinounclassified(date missing)Monquiunclassified(date missing)Naolanunclassified1950sOtomi (Jalisco)unclassified(date missing)Quiniguaunclassified(date missing)Southern PamePameOto-Mangueanmid 20th centuryPericúunclassifiedbefore 1800PochutecUto-Aztecan20th centurySolteco ZapotecZapotecOto-Manguean19th centuryTapachultecMixe–Zoque1930sTeojomulco ChatinoChatinoOto-Mangueanearly 20th centuryTepecanoUto-Aztecan20th centuryTequistlatecTequistlatecan(date missing)TubarUto-Aztecan20th centuryWaikuriunclassifiedbefore 1800XiximeUto-Aztecan17–18th centuryZapotec (Jalisco)unclassified(date missing)

United States Indigenous languages Language or dialect nameLanguage familyExtinction dateNotesReferencesAchumawiPalaihnihan2013Revival attempts underwayAdaiunclassified19th century Aisunclassified18th centuryCarolina Algonquian/Pamlico/CroatoanAlgic1790sAlsea/Yaquina Language isolate1942Alsea and Yaquina are thought to be either two related languages or two dialects of the same languageApalacheeMuskogean18th centuryRevival attempts underwayAranamaunclassified19th centuryAtakapaLanguage isolate20th centuryAtsina/Gros VentreAlgic2007Revival attempts underwayAtsugewiPalaihnihan1988AwaswasUtian19th centuryformerly known as "Santa Cruz" Barbareño/ŠmuwičChumashan1965Revival attempts underway. Barbareño and Ineseño may be related dialects of the same language or closely related languages Bidaiunclassified19th centuryBiloxiSiouan1930sCaddo/Hasí꞉nayCaddoan14 July 2025Revival attempts underwayCahto/KatoNa-Dene1960sCalusaunclassified19th centuryCatawbaSiouan1959Revival attempts underwayCayuseLanguage isolate1930sChalonUtian19th centuryUpper ChehalisSalishan2001Revival attempts underwayLower ChehalisSalishan1990sChemakum/Chimakum/ChimacumChimakuan19th centuryChico/Valley MaiduMaiduan21st centuryChimarikoLanguage isolate1950sChitimacha/SitimaxaLanguage isolate1940Revival attempts underwayChiwere/Iowa-Otoe-Missouria/Báxoje-Jíwere-Ñút'achiSiouan1996Revival attempts underwayChochenyoUtian1934Revival attempts underwayCoahuiltecoLanguage isolate18th centuryColumbia-MosesSalishan2 May 2023Revival attempts underwayCowlitzSalishan20th centuryRevival attempts underwayCupeñoUto-Aztecan1987EsselenLanguage isolate19th centuryErieIroquoian17th centuryEtcheminAlgic17th century EyakNa-Dene2008Revival attempts underwayGalice/Galice-Applegate/Upper Rogue RiverNa-Dene1963Halchidhoma/XalychidomYuman–Cochimí(date missing)Hanis/CoosCoosan1972HolikachukNa-Dene2012HoumaMuskogeanafter 1907Revival attempts underwayHupaNa-Dene7 March 2026Ineseño/SʰamalaChumashan1965Revival attempts underway. Barbareño and Ineseño may be related dialects of the same language or closely related languages Island Chumash/Isleño/CruzeñoChumashan1915Central KalapuyaKalapuyan1954KansaSiouan1982Karankawaunclassified1858KarkinUtian1950sKathlametChinookan1930sKiksht/Upper Chinook/Columbia Chinook/Wasco-WishramChinookan2012KitanemukUto-Aztecan1940sKitsaiCaddoan1940Klallam/Clallam/Ns'Klallam/S'klallamSalishan2014Revival attempts underwayKlamath/Klamath–Modoc/LutuamianPlateau Penutian2003Revival attempts underwayKonomihuShastan1940sKwalhioqua-ClatskanieNa-Dene20th centuryLoupAlgic18th centuryMay have been 5 different languagesLower ChinookChinookan1930sLuiseñoUto-Aztecan2010sLushootseedSalishan2008 Revival attempts underwayMaiduMaiduan2007Revival attempts underwayMakahWakashan2002Revival attempts underwayMandanSiouan2016Revival attempts underwayMassachusett/Natick/Wôpanâak/Pokanoket/Nonantum/IndianAlgic19th centuryRevival attempts underway. As of 2014, 5 children are native speakers, 15 are proficient second-language speakers and 500 are adult second-language learners.Saskia De Melker, "'We Still Live Here' Traces Comeback of Wampanoag Indian Language", PBS Newshour, 11-10-2011, accessed 18 November 2011Mattole/Mattole-Bear RiverNa-Dene1930sMiami-IllinoisAlgic20th centuryRevival attempts underwayMiluk/ Lower CoquilleCoosan1939MitchigameaSiouan18th centuryBay MiwokUtian(date missing)Coast MiwokUtian1970Lake MiwokUtian1990sNorthern Sierra MiwokUtian1990sPlains MiwokUtian1990sMohican/MahicanAlgic1940sRevival attempts underwayMohegan-Pequot/Mohegan-Pequot-Montauk/Secatogue/Shinnecock-PoosepatuckAlgic1908Revival attempts underwayMolalaPlateau Penutian1958MutsunUtian1930Revival attempts underwayNanticoke/PiscatawayAlgic1840sRevival attempts underway. Nanticoke and Piscataway may be related dialects of the same language or closely related languagesNansemondunclassifiedbefore 20th centuryMay have been AlgicNarragansettAlgic18th–19th centuryNatchezLanguage isolate1957Revival attempts underwayNawathinehenaAlgic19th centuryNicoleñoUto-Aztecan1853NisenanMaiduan2000sRevival attempts underwayNooksackSalishan1988Revival attempts underwayNomlakiWintuan20th centuryNorthern KalapuyanKalapuyan1937Nottoway/CheroenhakaIroquoian1838Revival attempts underwayObispeño/tiłhiniChumashan1917Ofo Siouan20th centuryOkwanuchuShastan20th centuryOsageSiouan3 November 2005As of 2009, 15–20 2L speakers and ongoing revival Pamunkeyunclassifiedbefore 20th centuryMay have been AlgicPiro PuebloTanoan1900Plains ApacheNa-Dene2008Lipan ApacheNa-Deneearly 21st centuryPresumelyCentral PomoPomoanbefore 2000Eastern Pomo/Clear Lake PomoPomoan2007Revival attempts underwayNorthern PomoPomoan2005Revival attempts underwayNortheastern PomoPomoan1961Southern PomoPomoan2014Revival attempts underwayPowhatanAlgic18th centuryPurisimeñoChumashanearly 20th centuryQuapawSiouan19 April 2022QuileuteChimakuan1999QuinaultSalishan1996Revival attempts underwayQuiripi/Mattabesic/Quiripi-Unquachog/Quiripi-Naugatuck/WampanoAlgic 20th centuryRamaytushUtian1915Rumsen/Rumsien/San Carlos Costanoan/CarmelenoUtian1939SalinanLanguage isolate1958ScahentoarrhononIroquoianapprox. 1652SerranoUto-Aztecan2002Revival attempts underwayShastaShastan20th centuryNew River ShastaShastan1926SiuslawLanguage isolate1960Southern PatwinWintuan(date missing)Susquehannock/ConestogaIroquoian18th centuryTaensaLanguage isolatelate 19th centuryProbably Natchez dialect.TakelmaLanguage isolate1934TamienUtian(date missing)TataviamUto-Aztecan1916TawasaLanguage isolate18th centuryPossibly Timucuan dialect.TillamookSalishan1972TimucuaLanguage isolate18th centuryTongva/Gabrielino/GabrieleñoUto-Aztecan20th centuryRevival attempts underwayTonkawaLanguage isolate1940sTübatulabalUto-Aztecan2008Revival attempts underwayTunica/Luhchi Yoroni/Tonica/YuronLanguage isolate1948Revival attempts underwayTuscaroraIroquoian2020Tutelo/Tutelo–SaponiSiouan1982Tututni/(Lower) Rogue River/Upper Coquille/Nuu-wee-yaNa-Dene1983Revival attempts underwayTwana/Skokomish Salishan1980Upper UmpquaNa-Dene1950sUnamiAlgic2002Ventureño/Mitsqanaqa'nChumashan20th centuryWailaki/Eel River AthabaskanNa-Dene1960sWappoYuki–Wappo1990WenroIroquoian17th centuryWichitaCaddoan2016WintuWintuan2003Revival attempts underwayWiyot/Wishosk/Soulatluk Algic1962Revival attempts underwayWocconSiouanearly 18th centuryRevival attempts underwayYana/YananLanguage isolate1916Yoncalla/Southern Kalapuya/YonkallaKalapuyan1930sYuchiLanguage isolateAugust 27, 2021Revival attempts underwayYuki/Ukomno'mYuki–Wappo1983Yurok/Chillula/Mita/Pekwan/Rikwa/Sugon/Weitspek/WeitspekanAlgic2013Revival attempts underway

European languages or dialects Language nameLanguage familyExtinction dateReferencesJersey DutchIndo-European20th century

Creole languages or dialects Language nameCreole parent language(s)Extinction dateReferencesMohawk DutchDutch creole and Mohawk19–20th century

Pidgin languages