Bouteloua

Bouteloua is a genus of plants in the grass family Poaceae.Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1805. Variedades de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes 2(4,21): 134 Members of the genus are commonly known as grama grass.

Description

Bouteloua includes both annual and perennial grasses, which frequently form stolons. Species have an inflorescence of 1 to 80 racemes or spikes positioned alternately on the culm (stem). The rachis (stem) of the spike is flattened. The spikelets are positioned along one side of the spike. Each spikelet contains one fertile floret, and usually one sterile floret.

Taxonomy The genus was first described by Mariano Lagasca in 1805. It was named for Claudio and Esteban Boutelou, 19th-century Spanish botanists.Peterson, P. M. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 2001. Bouteloua. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 20–33Gould, F. W. 1980. The genus Bouteloua (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3): 348–416 David Griffiths produced a 1912 monograph on the genus.

Species Species of Bouteloua include:Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Memoir San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 1–140 Bouteloua alamosana Vasey – Mesoamerica Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn. – American grama – southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America Bouteloua annua Swallen – Baja California Sur, Sonora Bouteloua arizonica (M.E.Jones) Cuellar & Columbus Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb. – needle grama – United States (California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico, South America, Aruba Bouteloua barbata Lag. – six-weeks grama – United States, Mexico Bouteloua bracteata (McVaugh) Columbus – Michoacán Bouteloua breviseta Vasey – United States, Mexico Bouteloua chasei Swallen Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S.Watson – sprucetop grama – United States (AZ TX); Mesoamerica Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. – sideoats grama – widespread in USA, Canada, Mexico Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus – buffalograss – USA, Canada, Mexico Bouteloua dimorpha Columbus – Great Plains in USA, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Cuba, Trinidad Bouteloua distans Swallen – Mexico Bouteloua disticha (Kunth) Benth. – from southern Mexico to Ecuador; also Cuba, Galápagos Bouteloua diversispicula Columbus Bouteloua elata Reeder & C.Reeder Bouteloua eludens Griffiths – USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora) Bouteloua erecta (Vasey & Hack.) Columbus Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. – United States, Mexico Bouteloua eriostachya (Swallen) Reeder Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths – blue grama – Great Plains in USA, Canada, Mexico Bouteloua griffithsii Columbus Bouteloua herrera-arrietae P.M.Peterson & Romasch. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. – USA (Great Plains, Southwest), Mexico, Guatemala Bouteloua johnstonii Swallen – Coahuila Bouteloua juncea (Desv. ex Beauv.) A.S.Hitchc. – lamilla – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico Bouteloua karwinskyi (E.Fourn.) Griffiths Bouteloua kayi Warnock Bouteloua media (E.Fourn.) Gould & Kapadia – from central Mexico to Uruguay Bouteloua megapotamica (Spreng.) Kuntze – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia Bouteloua mexicana (Scribn.) Columbus – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras Bouteloua multifida (Griffiths) Columbus – from Sonora to Oaxaca Bouteloua nervata Swallen – Hidalgo, México State Bouteloua parryi (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – Parry's Grama, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Northern Mexico Bouteloua pectinata (Bouteloua hirsuta var. pectinata) – tall grama, eyebrow grass – Texas Bouteloua pedicellata Swallen – Puebla, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, Nuevo León, Veracruz Bouteloua polymorpha (E.Fourn.) Columbus – from Durango to Oaxaca Bouteloua purpurea Gould & Kapadia – Guanajuato, D.F., San Luis Potosí, México State, Hidalgo, Querétaro Bouteloua radicosa (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – purple grama – USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Coahuila, Morelos, Puebla, Durango, Zacatecas, Distrito Federal de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas) Bouteloua ramosa Scribn. ex Vasey Bouteloua reederorum Columbus – Durango, Puebla, Zacatecas, Oaxaca Bouteloua reflexa Swallen – Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Nayarit Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. & Merr. – slender grama – Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc. – Texas grama – New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango) Bouteloua scabra (Kunth) Columbus – from Hidalgo to Honduras Bouteloua scorpioides Lag. Bouteloua simplex Lag. Much of southwestern and central United States, Central America, western South America Bouteloua stolonifera Scribn. – San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas Bouteloua swallenii Columbus – from El Salvador to Venezuela Bouteloua triaena (Trin. ex Spreng.) Scribn. – from Sinaloa to Guatemala Bouteloua trifida Thunb. – Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Mexico Bouteloua uniflora Vasey – Nealley grama, oneflower grama – Utah, Texas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo León, Querétaro, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas Bouteloua vaneedenii Pilg. – Cuba, Leeward Islands, Venezuela Bouteloua varia (Swallen) Columbus Bouteloua warnockii Gould & Kapadia – Warnock's grama – New Mexico, Texas, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas Bouteloua williamsii Swallen – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras

Distribution Bouteloua is found only in the Americas, with most diversity centered in the southwestern United States. It also occurs in the Ciénaga de Zapata Biosphere Reserve of Cuba.Ciénaga de Zapata National Park, on whc.unesco.org.

Uses Many species are important livestock forage, especially Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama).

Bouteloua

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