Prokofiev (also spelled Prokofyev) is a Russian surname. Derived from the Greek male given name Προκόπιος. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Prokofyev (1900–1971), Soviet poet (1942—2007), Russian ballet dancer, teacher and choreographer Andrey Prokofyev (1959–1989), Soviet athlete Artem Prokofiev (born 1983), Russian politician Gabriel Prokofiev (born 1975), England-based composer and music producer. Georgy Prokofiev (1902–1939), Soviet balloonist Oleg Prokofiev (1928–1998), Russian artist, sculptor and poet, son of the composer Sergei Prokofiev. Pavel Prokofiev, birth name of Pavel Prokkonen (1909–1979), Karelian Soviet politician. Sergei Prokofiev (1891—1953), Russian composer and pianist. Sergei Prokofieff (1954–2014), Russian anthroposophist Stanislav Prokofiev (born 1968), Russian economist, rector of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Stanislav Prokofyev (born 1987), Russian footballer