The 1990 Mid Staffordshire constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament held a by-election on 22 March 1990. The result was the election of Labour candidate Sylvia Heal to succeed the previous Conservative Member of Parliament John Heddle, who had precipitated the by-election by committing suicide.
Background John Heddle was first elected to Parliament in the 1979 general election when he had gained the Lichfield and Tamworth constituency from Labour. Following boundary changes, he represented Mid Staffordshire from 1983. He was a popular extrovert at Westminster but in the late 1980s he found himself with severe financial problems due to the property price crash, and on 19 December 1989 he was found dead in his Jaguar car in an isolated spot near Chartham, Kent."MP found dead in car", The Times, 20 December 1989 At the previous general election in 1987 the result had been:
ElectionPolitical resultCandidatePartyVotes%General election, June 1987 Electorate 71,252Turnout 79.4% Conservative holdMajority 14,654 (25.9%) John HeddleConservative28,64450.6 Crispin St. HillLabour13,99024.7 Timothy JonesLiberal13,11423.2 James BazeleyIndependent Conservative8361.5
Candidate selection
Conservative Reports in the press indicated that the local Conservative Association was reported to be in 'some disarray' at the start of the by-election campaign; an experienced agent was sent up from London to run the campaign. The party received 250 applications to stand as candidate,Michael White, "Centre splinters in Mid-Staffs", The Guardian, 24 January 1990, p. 6 among whom were said to be Lady Olga Maitland; the Conservatives denied rumours that Jeffrey Archer was hoping to stand.Nicholas Wood, "By-election test for Labour", The Times, 26 January 1990 On 2 February the Conservatives selected Charles Prior, a 43-year-old chartered accountant from Newbury who was a former member of Berkshire county council and a member of the Bow Group. Prior, managing director of a publishing and training company, was the nephew of former Northern Ireland Secretary James Prior,"Tories choose Prior nephew for byelection", The Guardian, 3 February 1990, p. 6 and beat former MP Richard Ottaway in the final selection.Nigel Williamson, "The Times Diary", The Times, 7 February 1990
Labour Following criticism of Labour candidates for previous by-elections, the party had set up a panel of five senior members to draw up shortlist of approved candidates, from which the local Constituency Labour Party would make the final selection. Deputy Leader Roy Hattersley was in charge of the process. A shortlist was drawn up during January, with some concerns being reported about whether the candidate from the 1987 election, Crispin St Hill, would be on it. St Hill was a black community worker from Brent and previous by-elections had seen the party resist selecting black candidates for by-elections. He did secure a place on the shortlist but the local party selected Sylvia Heal, who had made a prominent speech at the 1989 party conference supporting the leadership's change of policy on nuclear disarmament from unilateral disarmament to a multilateralist approach. Heal was a social worker and magistrate from Egham, Surrey, who had not previously fought an election."Britain Votes/Europe Votes By-election Supplement", Parliamentary Research Services, 1990, p. 10
Other parties The first party to announce a candidate was the Social Democratic Party who confirmed on 23 January 1990 that Ian Wood, a 33-year-old solicitor from Lichfield, would stand for them. The Liberal Democrats, although expecting the SDP to stand, were not pleased because they feared being marginalised if the two parties opposed each other. They chose Tim Jones (aged 38), a barrister who had fought the seat in two previous elections and lived in the constituency in Rugeley.Andrew Grice, "Tory stronghold in danger of collapse", Sunday Times, 4 March 1990
The Green Party candidate Robert Saunders was 29 years old and had lost his job as a buyer in an engineering firm at the start of the campaign. Jim Bazeley, a former Mayor of Lichfield and Conservative leader on Lichfield district council who had fought in 1987 as an Independent Conservative, declared that he would stand again as an 'anti-Thatcher Conservative'. On 6 March the newly formed NHS Supporters Party announced that its candidate would be Dr Christopher Abell, a 34-year-old General practitioner from East Dereham in Norfolk;Paul Hoyland, "Champion of NHS rattles byelection skeleton for voters", The Guardian, 7 March 1990, p. 2 the party had hoped to find a local candidate and blamed the political connections of the chairman of the Staffordshire Family Practitioner Committee, who was also chairman of Mid Staffordshire Conservative Association.Nicholas Wood, "Thatcher makes a certain impact", The Times, 7 March 1990
When nominations closed on 8 March there were seven further candidates. Screaming Lord Sutch of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party, a frequent by-election candidate, was nominated under the name 'Lord David Sutch' after changing his name by deed-poll. He chose the description 'Monster Raving Loony Green Teeth' but was faced with a rival: Stuart Hughes, who was a member of a breakaway group, stood as a Raving Loony Green Giant Supercalifragilistic candidate with the assistance of election agent Danny Bamford. John Hill was the candidate of the National Front while David Black stood as 'Christian Patriotic Alliance Save Britain Campaign' and Nicholas Parker-Jervis stood as 'Against Immigration Conservative Green'.Nicholas Wood, "Tories plead for minister to help them", The Times, 9 March 1990
Lindi St Clair, nicknamed "Miss Whiplash" and famous for running a brothel in London where she claimed there were many MP clients, stood as the "National Independent Correct Edification - NICE" candidate. She campaigned for 'nicer and more mature European attitudes towards sexuality.' Finally, Bernard 'Smiley' Mildwater, protesting Citroën's decision to cease production of the 2CV car, stood as a 'Save the 2CV' candidate. He had resigned from the RAF to fight the election.Patrick Wintour, "Abundance of choice for punters as 12 outsiders continue to hang on the tail of a two-horse race", The Guardian, 19 March 1990, p. 2
Campaign Polling day was inevitably going to come around the time of the budget, which had been set for 20 March, and initially it was expected that it would be timed to take place before the budget. However Margaret Thatcher decided, in conjunction with Conservative Party chairman Kenneth Baker and Chief Whip Tim Renton to "take it on the chin" and hold the by-election two days after the budget."Budget hint in date of Mid-Staffs by-election", The Times, 20 February 1990 The by-election was formally called by Renton moving the writ in the House of Commons on 28 February.Hansard, HC 6ser vol 158 col 257.
At the first Labour campaign press conference on 1 March, Roy Hattersley made an outspoken personal attack on Thatcher for being "arrogant, autocratic and unscrupulous in the pursuit of power", and claimed the main issue of the campaign would be the new local government Community Charge or 'Poll Tax' which was shortly to come into effect. Charles Prior supported the principle of the new tax and blamed the Labour controlled Staffordshire county council and Cannock Chase district council for higher than expected tax levels in Rugeley.Craig Seton, "Labour by-election battle opens with attack on Thatcher", The Times, 2 March 1990 When he launched his campaign together with his uncle, Prior visited an old people's home in Rugeley and was reportedly delighted to find may residents agreed with his view; his uncle attacked the Labour alternative tax while expecting that the Government's scheme would eventually be altered. Labour also attempted to focus on the Conservative proposals for the National Health Service, challenging Prior to say whether he supported them and the rise in prescription charges.Craig Seton, "Prior back on the hustings to join nephew's by-election campaign", The Times, 3 March 1990
Opinion polling The Sunday Times commissioned an opinion poll from Mori in the constituency which was published on 4 March. It found that Labour was leading with 50%, the Conservatives had 36% support, and the other parties were trailing: Liberal Democrats 5%, SDP 4% and Green Party 4%. The poll also found that four out of five voters thought the poll tax was the main issue in the election.Andrew Grice, David Hughes, "Tories set to lose Mid-Staffs", Sunday Times, 4 March 1990 Labour downplayed the poll. Liberal Democrat leader Paddy Ashdown highlighted the fact that their candidate, alone among the main parties, was local and had not been "chosen in London and parachuted in". He believed Labour's alternative local government 'roof tax' was ridiculous and that his own party's proposal of a local income tax would win votes.Nicholas Wood, "Candidate admits 'upset' of poll tax", The Times, 6 March 1990
A second poll undertaken by the Birmingham Post was published on 8 March. It also showed a Labour lead, although narrower with Labour at 49% and the Conservatives at 41%. The Green Party and Social Democrat were put at 4% and the Liberal Democrats 2%. On the day it was published the Shadow Chancellor John Smith distanced the party from violent protests against the poll tax but doubted that the Militant tendency (whom the Conservatives were blaming for poll tax disruption) could be behind peaceful protests in places like Barnet and Windsor and Maidenhead.Paul Hoyland, ""Wrath boosts Labour's chances", The Guardian, 8 March 1990, p. 2 Militant set up public meetings in Rugeley and Lichfield to oppose the poll tax and distributed flyers advertising the All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation rally in London planned for 31 March; in reaction Labour rushed out a leaflet based on a speech by party leader Neil Kinnock denouncing 'toytown revolutionaries'. The Conservatives denounced 'rent-a-mob Militants' but pointed to the Labour MPs who had declared that they would refuse to pay the poll tax, demanding that Kinnock remove the party whip.
Michael Heseltine Labour noted that Staffordshire police's budget for vehicle replacement had been cut by £1m which meant that the force could not update its motorway patrol cars although they had done 250,000 miles and were on their second engines.Nicholas Wood, "Ageing police cars a cause for Labour reproach", The Times, 10 March 1990 David Icke visited on 11 March to assist the Green Party campaign, prompting an attack on the party by the Liberal Democrats who claimed their solution for every problem was to set up a committee.Nicholas Wood, "Labour braces itself for Militant 'spoiling' role", The Times, 12 March 1990 On 12 March the Conservative campaign had to explain that invitations to join the campaign had been sent by the candidate's minder Gerald Howarth to nearly every Conservative MP but had not yet been delivered to former Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine, who was unofficially known to be keen to challenge Thatcher's leadership. Charles Prior was reported to look 'flustered' but insisted that Heseltine would be a tremendous asset if he came to the constituency.Richard Ford, "Patten warns voters of the invaders", The Times, 13 March 1990 Heseltine arrived on 14 March, drawing a far greater number of Conservative activists than had campaigned with Cecil Parkinson three nights previously.Richard Ford, "Heseltine raises spirits in spite of gloomy polls", The Times, 15 March 1990
Labour campaign