Albert Alexander Murphree (April 29, 1870 – December 20, 1927) was an American college professor and university president. Murphree was a native of Alabama, and became a mathematics instructor after earning his bachelor's degree. He later served as the third president of Florida State College (later renamed Florida State University) from 1897 to 1909, and the second president of the University of Florida from 1909 to 1927. Murphree is the only person to have been the president of both of Florida's original state universities, the University of FloridaThe University of Florida was first known as the "University of the State of Florida," and its creation was the result of the 1905 consolidation of four predecessor institutions, including the University of Florida at Lake City (formerly known as Florida Agricultural College until 1903), the East Florida Seminary in Gainesville, the St. Petersburg Normal and Industrial School, and the South Florida Military College in Bartow. The school's official name was shortened to the "University of Florida" in 1909. and Florida State University,Florida State University was first known as the West Florida Seminary from its founding until 1901, then as Florida State College from 1901 to 1905, as the Florida Female College from 1905 to 1909, and from 1909 to 1947 as the Florida State College for Women. Adding to the confusing succession of names, the Florida Legislature granted the West Florida Seminary the right to call itself the "University of Florida" from 1885 to 1903, although it is unclear how widely used this title was, given that the school continued to call itself the West Florida Seminary and then Florida State College throughout this period. Aspiring to refashion Florida Agricultural College into a more comprehensive university, the legislature renamed it the "University of Florida," a name which it used exclusively from 1903 to 1905. As a result of the Buckman Act, Florida Agricultural College was abolished and its academic programs merged into the new University of the State of Florida in 1905. and he played an important role in the organization, growth and ultimate success of both institutions.

Early life and education

Murphree was born near Chepultepec, Alabama in 1870.Orland Kay Armstrong, The Life and Work of Dr. A.A. Murphree, The Record Company, St. Augustine, Florida, pp. 20–22 (1928). Retrieved February 14, 2010. His father was Jesee Ellis Murphree, a Confederate veteran of the Civil War; his mother was Emily Helen Cornelius.Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 19. His parents raised him in a family of ten children in Walnut Grove, Alabama, where he attended community schools and a local two-year college.Armstrong, Life and Work, pp. 20–23. He graduated from the University of Nashville with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1894,Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 23. Early biographies of Murphree and early histories of the University of Florida often refer to Murphree as "Dr. Murphree," and he was apparently addressed as such by his later students. The highest academic degree he completed was a master's, but Rollins College and the University of Alabama conferred upon him honorary doctor of laws degrees. and taught mathematics at several high schools and small colleges in Alabama, Tennessee and Texas.Armstrong, Life and Work, pp. 23–24. In 1895, he became a mathematics instructor at the West Florida Seminary (now known as Florida State University) in Tallahassee, Florida,Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 25. and two years later, its board of trustees appointed him as the seminary's third president in 1897, at the age of 27.Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 27. Later, Murphree married Jennie Henderson, the daughter of John A. Henderson, one of the seminary's trustees.Armstrong, Life and Work, pp. 26–27. He subsequently started and completed the academic work for a Master of Arts degree while serving as president of the seminary, renamed Florida State College in 1901.

Professor and university president

As President of West Florida Seminary, Murphree worked to create Florida's first liberal arts college by 1897, and in 1901 it was reorganized into the Florida State College with four departments: the college, the College Academy, the School for Teachers and the School of Music. Under his leadership, the Florida State College produced the state's first Rhodes Scholar in 1905, Frederic "Fritz" Buchholz (1885–65).Vires, Florida State University Alumni magazine, Vires. Retrieved September 2, 2013.

In 1905, several prominent political backers advanced Murphree's name to be the first president of the new University of the State of Florida located in Gainesville, Florida, which was the newly consolidated men's university and land-grant college created by the Florida Legislature's passage of the Buckman Act, which segregated Florida's schools of higher learning by race and gender. Instead, the Florida Board of Control selected Andrew Sledd, then the president of the University of Florida in Lake City, to be the first president of the new men's university. Murphree continued to serve as the president of Florida State College, which became the all-female Florida Female College under the Buckman Act. From 1905 to 1909, Murphree emphasized greater academic expectations for his female students,Florida State University, Office of the President, The Presidents of Florida State University . Retrieved July 18, 2010. while upgrading and expanding the college's curriculum to meet modern university standards.Florida State University, Florida State University––Women and Science at FSU . Retrieved on July 2, 2007. In 1909, Murphree convinced the legislature to change the name of the college to the Florida State College for Women.

When the first president of the University of Florida, Andrew Sledd, was not re-appointed for the 1909–10 school year because of a conflict over what the new governor and members of the Florida Board of Education believed were Sledd's inflexible admissions standards that were impeding the growth of the university, Murphree's name was once again advanced as a replacement.Carl Van Ness, "Florida's Sledd Affair: Andrew Sledd and the Fight for Higher Education in Florida," Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 343–351 (2009). This time, the Board of Control voted unanimously to approve his appointment.Van Ness, "Florida's Sledd Affair," p. 348. Murphree assumed his new duties during the summer of 1909, and worked diligently with his predecessor to ensure a smooth transition that capitalized on previous successes.Van Ness, "Florida's Sledd Affair," pp. 349–350. In a surprise to some of his previous political supporters, Murphree endorsed Sledd's admissions standards, and thereafter actually tightened the requirements for entry again in 1912.Van Ness, "Florida's Sledd Affair," p. 350. Murphree wrote to the Savannah Morning News, "I shall not cater to the peoples' whim for numbers, but shall maintain the same high standards of scholarship upheld by Dr. Sledd and his able faculty." He also subsequently retained the entire faculty selected by his predecessor.

Beginning in 1910, Murphree reorganized the university's administration into four academic colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Law, the College of Agriculture, and the College of Engineering, as well as the Graduate School.University of Florida, Past Presidents, Albert Murphree (1909–1927) . Retrieved October 24, 2012. Murphree took particular interest in the "School of Graduate Studies," and the university awarded its first master's degree in 1910.Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 52. He later oversaw the addition of the College of Education in 1912, the School of Pharmacy in 1924, the School of Architecture in 1925, and the College of Commerce and Journalism in 1927.Armstrong, Life and Work, pp. 51, 74–75. During Murphree's term, he oversaw the construction of ten new major buildings, including such historical landmarks as Flint Hall (Science Department), Floyd Hall (College of Agriculture), Peabody Hall (College of Education), the University Auditorium, and the new University Library (now known as Smathers Library East).Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 51. The University of Florida's enrollment grew from 186 students in 1909 to over 2,000 in 1927.Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 12.

Murphree is reported to have taken pride in knowing every Florida student by name.University of Florida Foundation, Named UF Facilities, Albert A. Murphree Hall. Retrieved February 14, 2010. Under Murphree, student leaders formed the Florida Blue Key leadership society in 1923, the university celebrated its first homecoming parade in 1924, and students organized the first Gator Growl pep rally and variety show in 1925.Julian M. Pleasants, Gator Tales: An Oral History of the University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, p. 26 (2006).

While president of Florida, Murphree became a friend of William Jennings Bryan, the former U.S. Representative from Nebraska and the Democratic Party nominee for president in 1896, 1900 and 1908.Samuel Proctor, " William Jennings Bryan and the University of Florida ," Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 39, pp. 2–3 (1960). Retrieved September 22, 2010. Bryan established a winter residence in Miami, Florida in 1912, and became a full-time Florida resident in 1921.Proctor, "William Jennings Bryan," p. 1. Bryan was a frequent speaker throughout Florida, and first met Murphree at a speech at the university in 1916. As a result of his friendship with Murphree, Bryan volunteered to be the fund-raising drive chairman for the construction of the university's new Florida Union building (now known as Dauer Hall).Proctor, "William Jennings Bryan," pp. 4–8.

Murphree's name was floated as a possible gubernatorial candidate on several occasions, but he publicly disavowed any personal interest in elected office.Armstrong, Life and Work, p. 15. Without consulting Murphree in advance, on January 13, 1924, William Jennings Bryan announced his candidacy to be a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention, where, if elected, he would nominate Murphree as the party's candidate for President of the United States in the 1924 election.Proctor, "William Jennings Bryan," p. 12. Bryan campaigned vigorously despite Murphree's steadfast refusal to do so as a candidate.Proctor, "William Jennings Bryan," pp. 12–14. Murphree stated that he was flattered by Bryan's effort, but "Nobody expects a Southern man to be nominated President, much less a Florida man." Florida newspapers urged Murphree to run, but few others took his candidacy seriously. Bryan was elected as a delegate to the Democratic Convention, pledged to support Murphree's nomination, but Bryan was greeted by boos and jeers at the convention because of his nomination of Murphree.Proctor, "William Jennings Bryan," p. 14. Bryan later told Senator J. Thomas Heflin that his reception by his fellow convention delegates was the most humiliating of his life.

Murphree was elected president of the National Association of State Universities in 1927.

Death and legacy