Wau (; also known as Wau Town Payam) is a town, locally referred to as a city, in northwestern South Sudan on the western bank of the Jur River. It is the capital of Western Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan.Fighting in Wau; Red cross calls for civilians to be spared Radio Tamazuj It lies approximately northwest of the capital, Juba. It is a diverse small urban center (town) and a trading hub. The city has been a municipality since 2012 and is governed by a mayor whom the state governor usually appoints. The city consists of several neighborhoods, including Nazareth, Hai Fahal, Sika Hadid, and Daraja.

History Wau was initially established by the French Marchand Mission as Fort DesaixSébastien Fath, "Christian Missions and the Construction of South Sudan", Afrique contemporaine 246.2 (2013): 99–110. and later was established as a zariba (fortified base) by slave-traders in the 19th century. During the time of condominium rule, the city became an administrative center.

One of the first insurgent Anyanya attacks on the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) took place at the Wau barracks in January 1964.

During the Second Sudanese Civil War, Wau remained a SAF garrison town. It was the scene of extensive fighting in the spring of 1998. Battles erupted again in the town in the spring of the 1980s, killing several hundred people. This forced the Dinka in Wau to seek safety on the eastern side of Wau. The Dinka were said to have migrated to the state today known as Warrap.

In 2010, the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment proposed to re-make the city into the shape of a giraffe.

South Sudanese Civil War

Following the outbreak of the South Sudanese Civil War, the town has experienced numerous clashes, battles, massacres, and much destruction at the hands of anti-government as well as government forces. In April 2014, Nuer soldiers belonging to the local SPLA garrison mutinied after hearing of a massacre at Mapel. They clashed with SPLA loyalists, and then fled into the rural countryside, joining a long march of other deserters to Sudan. About 700 Nuer civilians subsequently sought protection at Wau's UNMISS base; most of them were family members of the deserted soldiers, while others were students.

In 2016, Wau experienced heavy clashes that displaced much of its Fertit population and led to widespread destruction. In April 2017, Dinka soldiers of the SPLA and Mathiang Anyoor militiamen carried out a massacre of non-Dinka civilians in the town, killing up to 50 people, and displacing thousands.

Population The population of Wau is ethnically diverse. Most of the inhabitants are Luo and Fertit, as the town lies on the tribal boundary between these two peoples. Furthermore, minorities belonging to the Dinka of Marial Baai, peoples can be found in Wau. Due to its diversity, Wau has repeatedly suffered from ethnic violence.

Demographics In 2008, Wau was the third-largest city in South Sudan, by population, behind the national capital Juba and Malakal, in Upper Nile State. At that time, the estimated population of the city of Wau was about 128,100. In 2011, the city's population was estimated at 151,320. Year Population 1973 52,800 1983 58,000 1993 84,000 2010 128,100 2011151,320

Religion Its Cathedral of St. Mary (built 1905, before the erection of the former Apostolic Prefecture of Bahr el-Ghazal) is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wau, which serves the province's religious majority.

Economy

Wau is a vibrant economic center by the standards of the newly established Republic of South Sudan, and serves as a hub for trade between Darfur, Bahr al Ghazal, and Equatoria. The major contributors to the local economy include: Buffalo Commercial Bank branch Equity Bank branch Ivory Bank branch Kenya Commercial Bank branchKCB Expands Branch Network In South Sudan Catholic University of South Sudan, Wau campus University of Bahr El-Ghazal Wau Airport Wau County Government Wau state Government RCS - Radio & Satellite Communication Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (South Sudan Subsidiary Comp.) expected shortly

Transport and infrastructure

Wau Railway Station is the terminus of a narrow gauge branch line of the Sudan Railways. A plan exists, as of 2008, to open a standard gauge line north from Gulu in Uganda to Wau. Trains from Khartoum to Mombasa would be possible only if one of the lines were regauged. Its functionality would depend on post-conflict reconstruction. Wau Airport has a single paved runway which measures in length. The city hosts University of Bahr El-Ghazal and many secondary and primary schools. The Catholic University of South Sudan maintains a campus in the city. Wau Stadium is a soccer stadium in the middle of town The Cathedral of St. MaryCathedral of St. Mary in Wau was built between 1951 and 1956. There are five main roads out of town: B38-North leads directly north to Gogrial, South Sudan. B43-South leads southeast to Tonj, South Sudan. A44-South leads directly south to Tumbura, South Sudan. B41-West leads west to Raga, South Sudan. B43-North leads northwest to Aweil, South Sudan. Southern National Park is located about , by road, south of Wau along A44-South.

Geography and climate Like other parts of South Sudan and the East Sudanian savanna, Wau has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), with a wet season and a dry season, and the temperature is hot year-round. The average annual mean temperature is , the average annual high temperature is , and the average annual low temperature is . The hottest time of year is from March to May, just before the wet season starts. March is the hottest month, having the highest average high at and the highest mean at . April has the highest average low at . August and July have the lowest average high at , with August having the lowest mean at . December has the lowest average low at .

Wau receives of rain over 102.4 precipitation days, with a distinct wet and dry season like most tropical savanna climates. Almost no rain falls from November to March. August, the wettest month, receives of rainfall on average. September has 23.7 precipitation days, which is the most of any month. Humidity is much higher in the wet season than in the dry season, with February having a humidity of just 26% and August having a humidity of 77%. Wau receives 2777 hours of sunshine annually on average, with the sunshine being distributed fairly evenly across the year, although it is lower during the wet season. December receives the most sunshine, while July receives the least.

Notable people Luol Deng - former NBA basketball player Thon Maker - former NBA basketball player Mari Malek - model, DJ and activist Joseph Ukel - veteran politician Alek Wek - South Sudanese-British model and designer

References

Bibliography

External links

Location of Wau at Google Maps GCatholic, with Google satellite photo/map - Wau's Roman Catholic cathedral of Mary Human Rights Watch (1999) Famine in Sudan, 1998: The Human Rights Causes Detailed map of the city of Wau