USS Neosho may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
, a single-turreted, wooden-hulled, river monitor (1863–1873) , Cimarron-class oiler (1939–1942), sunk at the Battle of the Coral Sea , Kennebec-class oiler, launched 1942, sold and renamed SS Catawba , the lead ship of the Neosho-class oilers (1954). Transferred to Military Sealift Command in 1978 and stricken in 1994