The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements

Item Place Latitude/longitude Capital (of an independent nation) Wellington, New Zealand Permanent settlement of any size Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people McMurdo Station, Antarctica Hamlet (excluding research stations) Puerto Toro, Chile Town or city > 1,000 people Puerto Williams, Chile City > 50,000 people Ushuaia, Argentina City > 100,000 people Punta Arenas, Chile City > 150,000 people Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina City > 250,000 people Christchurch, New Zealand City > 500,000 people Mar del Plata, Argentina Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Melbourne, Australia Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Buenos Aires, Argentina Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people São Paulo, Brazil

Geography Item Place Latitude/longitude Body of water (navigable) Bay of Whales, Ross Sea Land (excluding Antarctica) Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Islands

Item Place Latitude/longitude Any island (above sea level) Deverall Island Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) Ross Island Any size excluding Antarctica Thule Island Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile Island > 100,000 km2 South Island, New Zealand Coral atoll Elizabeth Reef, Australia The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals Item Place Latitude/longitude Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) seen at the South Pole Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) Southern tip of South America Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)Southern Ocean 80th parallel southLand mammal: Olive grass mouse (Abrothrix olivacea)Hornos Island, Chile Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli)Estancia La Madrugada, ArgentinaBirney, Elmer C.; Monjeau, J. Adrian; Phillips, Carleton J. Sikes, Robert S.; Kim, Iksoo. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: new information on a poorly known Argentine marsupial. Mastozoología Neotropical 3:171-181. Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicusIsla Grande de Tierra del Fuego Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica)Refuge Islands Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarcticaRoss Sea 75th parallel south

Plants Item Place Latitude/longitude Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica Ferns (Blechnum penna-marina, naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring) Tierra del Fuego, Chile Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands, New Zealand

Agriculture Item Place Latitude/longitude Cattle farm Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, ArgentinaHoffmann, M. A. (1974). The southernmost cattle exploitation in the world. Development action of the Argentine Army in an isle of Tierra del Fuego. (in Spanish). Anales de la Sociedad Rural Argentina. Cherry orchard Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Potato farm Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile Rice field San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, ChileParedes, C.M.; Becerra, V.V.; Donoso, Ñ.G.; Cruz, G.M. (2021) Tolerancia al frío en el cultivo del arroz en el mundo. In: Paredes, C.M. (et al. (eds.)) 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Tomo I. Colección Libros INIA no. 40. Chillán (Chile): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, p. 188-214. Vineyard Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile

Education Item Place Latitude/longitude International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand University National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina Kindergarten Puerto Williams, Chile Secondary school Puerto Williams, Chile Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica

Science and technology Item Place Latitude/longitude Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope, Antarctica Permanent scientificresearch station Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica Planetarium Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand Nuclear power plant Atucha I, Argentina Atucha II, Argentina

Historical sites and archaeological findings

Item Place Latitude/longitude Prehistoric archaeological site Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp, Chile.

Transportation Item Place Latitude/longitude Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica Seaport/Harbour Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica Narrow gauge railwayDumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island. Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina Traffic lightHipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina Electrified railwayWellington station, Wellington, New Zealand Metro station Anzac railway station, Melbourne, Australia Tramway system Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand (southernmost point of route) Tramway system (as part of mass transit, excluding heritage routes) Melbourne, Australia (southernmost point of route) Trolleybus Valparaíso, Chile

Recreation Sport Item Place Latitude/longitude Bowling club Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand Ski resort Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, ArgentinaCerro Castor: esquí en el Fin del Mundo Revista Magna. Golf club Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina Racing Circuit Teretonga Park, Invercargill, New Zealand

Religious buildings Item Place Latitude/longitude Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica Mormon church Puerto Williams, Chile Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile Hindu templeCentro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile MosqueSouthland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New ZealandGoogle Books : The New Zealand Jewish Community By Stephen I. Levine Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand Sikh Gurdwara Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust, former Forbury Park Raceway, Dunedin, New Zealand

Shops and service facilities Item Place Latitude/longitude Tourist office Puerto Williams, Chile Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia, Puerto Williams, Chile Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula Public post office Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica Bar Faraday Bar, Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica Automated teller machine McMurdo Station, Antarctica

International brand names Item Place Latitude/longitudeMercedes-Benz retailerMario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, ArgentinaToyota retailerCelentano Motors, Ushuaia, ArgentinaVolkswagen retailerUshuaia, Argentina Mobil petrol station Invercargill, New Zealand Tesla retailerWigram, Christchurch, New Zealand H&M Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand "Store Locator" Shell petrol station Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia "Fuel Finder; Gas Station Locator"AldiWonthaggi, Victoria, Australia 7-Eleven Rosebud, Victoria, Australia Apple Store Westfield Fountain Gate, Narre Warren, Victoria, Australia ECCO Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia IKEA Springvale, Melbourne, Australia ZaraChadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia

Franchised food brands Item Place Latitude/longitude Hard Rock Cafe Ushuaia, Argentina Domino's Pizza Punta Arenas, Chile KFC Punta Arenas, Chile Wendy's Punta Arenas, Chile Pizza Hut Invercargill, New Zealand Subway Invercargill, New Zealand McDonald's Invercargill, New Zealand Burger King Invercargill, New Zealand Starbucks Invercargill, New Zealand Taco BellDunedin North, Dunedin, New ZealandDenny'sChristchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand Baskin-Robbins Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria Item Place Latitude/longitude National park Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile Penguin reserve Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile Aviary Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand Botanical garden Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina

Other Item Place Latitude/longitude UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas (southernmost point) UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos, ArgentinaWorld Heritage List and List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas Skyscraper (>100 m) Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand Skyscraper (>150 m) Capitol Grand, South Yarra, Australia Opera house Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand High-rise building Cue Building, Invercargill, New Zealand Mine Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile BreweryCerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina LighthouseMonumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile Bell tower Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand Place of birth of a human Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) Cemetery Buromskiy Island, Antarctica

See also

List of northernmost items Extreme points of Earth Extreme points of the Antarctic

References