The Kingdom of Mangalai (), also called Mangalai Suyah, was a 13th-century kingdom with its capital in East Turkistan's Aksu city. Mentioned by Marco Polo, it was subservient to Genghis Khan from 1224 to his death in 1227. On the edge of the Yuan dynasty, Mangalai was controlled by the Chagatai Khanate. Its latter history sees periods of autonomy or inclusion of one of many larger kingdoms including: Mogulistan, Kashgar, and Kingdom of Kashgaria. In 1877, the area came under the control of the Qing dynasty and remains part of the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang.
History The territory of Mangalai was described as bound on the east by Bügür and Kucha; to the west by the Kingdom of Fergana; to the north by Issigh-Kul; and to the south by the Yugurs.
Mangalai Suyah was given to Urtubu by Chagatai Khan, the grandfather of Amir Bulaji.
List of rulers
Early time and Mongol conquests Date Ruler's name 1220-c. 1240 Babdagan Babdagan allied with Genghis Khan and his Mongols (1224–1227) paying taxes to them and providing military assistance thus keeping his kingdom. With the death of Genghis, the area came within the Chagatai Khanate from 1227 to 1348. Date Ruler's name 1240c.-1260 Urtu Baraq 1260–1340 unknown 1340–1362 Puladchi
1348-1514 A part of Mogulistan Date Ruler's name Notes 1362 – c. 1390 Hudaidad c. 1390 – c. 1420 Seyyed Ahmad Mirza c. 1420 – 1457 Seyyed 'Ali 1457–1464 Sansiz Mirza 1464–1480 Muhammad Haidar Mirza(in Yarkand 1457–1480) 1480–1514 Mirza Abu Bakr (the Khoja in Kashgar 1480–1514) 1504–1514 Mansur Khan ibn Ahmad (Mogulistan 1508–14, Turfan 1503–45) his rule was opposed by Imal Khodja ibn Mansur Khan 1514–1516 Imal Khodja ibn Mansur Khan 1514-1516 Independent from Mogulistan 1516–1521 part of Mogulistan again 1521–1533 Abd ar-Rashid Khan I (Mogulistan 1533–60) 1534–1588 Muhammad Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid Opposed by: Abd al-Karim Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid 1534–1560 Abd al-Karim Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid 1588–1591 Muhammad Baki Sultan 1591–1596 Shah Khodja ad-Din Ahmad Khan (at Kashgar 1596–1609) 1596–1609 Timur Sultan (in Kashgar 1609–1614) 1609–1614 Hashim Mirza Bairin 1614–1615 Iskandar Sultan 1615–1632 Sultan Ahmad 1632–1638 Abdallah Khan 1638–1641 Gazi Shah Khodja 1641–1642 Shah Beg 1642–1651 Shahid Mirza Churas 1651–1666 Nur ad-Din Khan (Mogulistan 1669) 1666–1670 Ismail Khan (Mogulistan 1669, 1670–78, 1679–82) 1670–1743 Part of Kashgar 1743–1755 Ayyub Khodja 1756–1759 Avdai Beg 1759–1864 Qing Dynasty China 1864–1866 Sadiq Beg 1866–1877 Part of the Kingdom of Kashgaria (or Xinjiang) 1877 Hakim Khan Tura 1877 onward Part of China
References
External links Text and notes by N. Elias on the account of the Tarikh-i-Rashidi