Crisanto Abaño Evangelista (November 1, 1888 – June 2, 1942) was a Filipino communist politician and labor leader of the first half of the 20th century. He is credited as being one of the founders of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. Evangelista was also an influential head of the Congreso Obrero de Filipinas, at the time the foremost and largest trade federation in the Philippines, having served as secretary for multiple years. He also headed the Union de Impresores de Filipinas as its Secretary-General. Prior to forming the PKP, Evangelista was a member of the Partido Obrero de Filipinas, a Filipino workers' party with increasingly radical leanings. Evangelista was eventually captured by the Japanese during the Second World War and executed.
Biography On May Day 1913, together with Hermenegildo Cruz, he had attempted to guarantee basic workers' rights and unify the trade unions in the country.
After defecting from the Nacionalista Party with its left wing allies, he became one of the founders and early leaders of the increasingly Marxist Partido Obrero de Filipinas, which became the Progressive Workers Party. Around it, he formed a new trade union federation, one that was more radical in its goals.
Evangelista was one of five members of the inaugural executive committee of the Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat, established in 1927 as a Pacific regional subdivision of the Red International of Labor Unions (RILU, commonly known as the Profintern).William Lawrence, "Australia and the Comintern — An Incident," Australian Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 3 (Sept. 1951), pg. 72. He was instrumental in affiliating the Philippine labor federation, the Congreso Obrero de Filipinas (COF) with that organization on June 30 of that same year.E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Volume 14: Foundations of a Planned Economy: Volume 3, Part 3. London: Macmillan, 1978; pg. 1040.
On November 7, 1930, the 13th anniversary of the October Revolution, Evangelista reformed his group as the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, Note: Karnow misspelled the first name as "Cristano", page 444. and subsequently led it briefly until it was banned on October 26, 1932, by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Jailed towards the end of the decade, Evangelista was involved in informal talks with President Manuel L. Quezon, negotiating a social peace.
He was arrested by invading Imperial Japanese Army troops along with Pedro Abad Santos and Guillermo Capadocia on January 25, 1942, and executed on June 2, 1942, after an attempt to use him as a bargaining tool in contacts with the Hukbalahap.L. Taruc, He Who Rides the Tiger. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1967; pg. 61.
Footnotes
External links Labor movement in the Philippines A Living Archive of the Filipino Struggle. The Question of Peace.