Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in southeastern Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, and is the easternmost prefecture-level division of the province. It borders Baise, Guangxi, to the east, Vietnam's Tuyên Quang Province to the south for , Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Qujing to the north.

Subdivisions

Map Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population(2010) Area DensityWenshan City481,5043,064157Yanshan County463,2643,888119Xichou County255,2861,545165Malipo County277,9602,395116Maguan County367,5072,755133Qiubei County477,4415,15093Guangnan County787,4497,98399Funing County407,5305,45975

Ethnic groups Wenshan is highly diverse. According to a local saying, "Han and Hui live by the market, Zhuang and Dai live by the water, Miao and Yi live on the mountains, and Yao live among the valleys." ()

Some of Wenshan's ethnic groups include:

Han Chinese Tai peoples Zhuang (3 branches according to Kaup (2000);Kaup, Katherine Palmer. Creating the Zhuang: Ethnic Politics in China. Boulder, CO: L. Rienner, 2000. 4 branches according to Johnson (2011)Johnson, Eric C. 2011. "A Lexical and Phonological Comparison of the Central Taic Languages of Wenshan Prefecture, China: Getting More Out of Language Survey Wordlists Than Just Lexical Similarity Percentages." SIL Electronic Working Papers 2011-005: 170.) Nong Sha ("Yei Zhuang") Tu ("Dai Zhuang") Min Dai Tai Hongjin - Maguan County Kra peoples Buyang - Funing County, Guangnan County Lachi - Maguan County Gelao - Malipo County Qabiao - Malipo County Miao–Yao peoples Miao people (listed from east to west)Castro, Andy & Gu Chawen. 2010. "Phonological innovation among Hmong dialects of Wenshan." Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (JSEALS) 3.1:1-39. Lopsided Miao ( Shuat) White Miao ( Dleub) Green Miao ( Shib, Nzhuab) Flowery Miao ( Soud, Bes, Buak) Yao people Tibeto-Burman peoples Yi people - Funing County, Guangnan County, Malipo County Bai people - Qiubei County (in Mazhelong , etc.), Yanshan County (in Jiayi ), Guangnan County (in Zhulin ) Mon-Khmer peoples Bolyu - Guangnan County Bugan - Guangnan County, Xichou County

Yunnan (1979) lists Jiazhou (pop. 475), Longjiang (pop. 54), Tusi (pop. 134), and Bendi (pop. 7) as Zhuang subgroups of unknown linguistic affiliation.

Yi The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer () (2000) and the Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer () (2005) list the following Yi ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.

Luo () White Lolo () (autonyms: Suodu , Luoluobu , Xiqima , Gaisipo ) Mokong () (Gaokujiao Luo ) of Funing and Guangnan counties Mudai () of Funing and Napo counties Black Lolo () (autonyms: Nuosupo , Luoluopo ): in Qiubei, Yanshan, and Wenshan counties Flowery Lolo () (autonyms: Hanluowu , Luwu , Niesu ): in Funing, Guangnan, Malipo, Xichou, Maguan, and Yanshan counties Pu () Black Phula () (autonym: Azha ) White Phula () (autonym: Zuoke ) Flowery Phula () (autonym: Abo ) Sani () (autonym: Sanipo ): in Qiubei County Awu () (autonym: Awu ; exonyms: Mengwu , Awu , Mengwu , Mengzu ) Lai () (autonym; a branch of the Awu , also called Mengwu ):Wenshan Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer () (2005) in Xisa , Xichou; Daping and Nanwenhe of Malipo Gepu () (autonyms: Gepo , Alingpo ; exonyms: Geluoluo/duo , Adu , Aga ): in Tiechang and Donggan townships of Malipo County Axi (): in Wenshan, Yanshan, and Qiubei counties Lalu () (Lalupu ; exonym: Xiangtang ): in Nanping

Yao The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer () (2000) lists the following Yao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture.

Men () or Jinmen () (exonym: Landian Yao ) Mengmian () or Youmian () (exonyms: Daban Yao , Jiao Yao ) Xiu () or Ya () (exonyms: Shan Yao , Guoshan Yao ): in Longmen () and Longshao () of Funing County, and in Tiechang (), Jinchang (), and other locations of Malipo County

Demographics

Among the resident population, the Han population is 1,501,848, accounting for 42.69% of the total population; the ethnic minorities population is 2,016,098, accounting for 57.31% of the total population.By the end of 2024, the resident population of the whole state was 3.372 million.

+ Ethnic Composition of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (November 2010)National nameHan Zhuang Hmong Yi Yao Hui Dai Bai Buyi Mongol OthersTotal Population 1501848 1027282 481239 351597 87709 24774 15776 9130 7257 5655 56793517946 Proportion of total population (%) 42.69 29.20 13.68 9.99 2.49 0.70 0.45 0.26 0.21 0.16 0.16100 Proportion of minority population (%) --- 50.95 23.87 17.44 4.35 1.23 0.78 0.45 0.36 0.28 0.28 ---

Gelao The Wenshan Prefecture Gazetteer (2000) lists the following Gelao ethnic subdivisions in Wenshan Prefecture. The Gelao of Wenshan are also locally known as the Laobazi or Bazi .

White Gelao () Green Gelao () Red Gelao () Flowery Gelao () (also known as the Wai Gelao () or Pipao Gelao ())

History

The prefecture has been inhabited for at least 4000 years, as evidenced by surviving neolithic rock art in Malipo County. The Yelang kingdom existed in the area during the 3rd century BC.

The seat of Guangnan, known today as Liancheng (), was the heart of the Gouding Kingdom () that lasted approximately 400 years, from 111 BC to 316 AD.

Transportation Wenshan Airport

References

External links

Wenshan Prefecture Official Site