It is the most common day on which the June solstice occurs, in the astronomical reckoning the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and of winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
Events Pre-1600 217 BC – A Carthaginian force under Hannibal ambushes and defeats a Roman army commanded by Gaius Flaminius in the battle of lake Trasimene during the Second Punic War. 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarios sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily. 870 – Caliph al-Muhtadi is killed by rebellious troops and is succeeded by his cousin Al-Mu'tamid. 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan. 1529 – French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac. 1582 – Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide.
1601–1900 1621 – Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain. 1734 – In Montreal, New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city. 1749 – Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded. 1768 – James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court. 1788 – New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. 1791 – King Louis XVI and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution. 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill. 1813 – Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria. 1824 – Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea. 1826 – Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas. 1848 – In the Wallachian Revolution, Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell issue the Proclamation of Islaz and create a new republican government. 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road begins. 1898 – The United States captures Guam from Spain. The few warning shots fired by the U.S. naval vessels are misinterpreted as salutes by the Spanish garrison, which was unaware that the two nations were at war.; 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: China formally declares war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Empress Dowager Cixi.
1901–present 1915 – The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision in Guinn v. United States 238 US 347 1915, striking down Oklahoma grandfather clause legislation which had the effect of denying the right to vote to African-Americans. 1919 – The Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the Winnipeg general strike. 1919 – Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet at Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of World War I. 1921 – The Irish village of Knockcroghery is burned by British forces.Healy, P., God Save All Here (1999) at p.21.Roscommon People, 24 June 2016, at p. 39 1929 – An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador Dwight Whitney Morrow ends the Cristero War in Mexico. 1930 – One-year conscription comes into force in France. 1940 – World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France. 1941 – Having defeated forces of Vichy France, Allied forces capture Damascus. 1942 – World War II: Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces; 33,000 Allied troops are taken prisoner.* 1942 – World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by Japan against the United States mainland. 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Okinawa ends when the organized resistance of Imperial Japanese Army forces collapses in the Mabuni area on the southern tip of the main island. 1952 – The Philippine School of Commerce, through a republic act, is converted to Philippine College of Commerce, later to be the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. 1957 – Ellen Fairclough is sworn in as Canada's first female Cabinet Minister. 1963 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini is elected as Pope Paul VI. 1964 – Three civil rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner, are murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States, by members of the Ku Klux Klan. 1970 – Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy in what was the largest U.S. corporate bankruptcy to date.; 1973 – The Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino is inaugurated in Arica, Chile. 1973 – In its decision in Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the Miller test for determining whether something is obscene and not protected speech under the U.S. constitution. 1978 – The original production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical, Evita, based on the life of Eva Perón, opens at the Prince Edward Theatre, London. 1982 – John Hinckley is found not guilty by reason of insanity for the attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan. 1985 – Braathens SAFE Flight 139 is hijacked on approach to Oslo Airport, Fornebu. Special forces arrest the hijacker and there are no fatalities. 1989 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397, that American flag-burning is a form of political protest protected by the First Amendment. 1993 – Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-57 to retrieve the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) satellite. It is also the first shuttle mission to carry the Spacehab module. 2000 – Section 28 (of the Local Government Act 1988), outlawing the 'promotion' of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, is repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote. 2001 – A federal grand jury in Alexandria, Virginia, indicts 13 Saudis and a Lebanese in the 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia that killed 19 American servicemen. 2004 – SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight. 2005 – Edgar Ray Killen, who had previously been unsuccessfully tried for the murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Mickey Schwerner, is convicted of manslaughter 41 years afterwards (the case had been reopened in 2004). 2006 – Pluto's newly discovered moons are officially named Nix and Hydra. 2006 – A Yeti Airlines de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashes at Jumla Airport in Nepal, killing nine people. 2009 – Greenland assumes self-rule. 2012 – A boat carrying more than 200 migrants capsizes in the Indian Ocean between the Indonesian island of Java and Christmas Island, killing 17 people and leaving 70 others missing. 2012 – An Indonesian Air Force Fokker F27 Friendship crashes near Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, killing 11. 2025 – A hot air balloon catches fire mid-flight and crashes in Praia Grande, Santa Catarina, Brazil, killing 8 of the 21 on board.
Births
Pre-1600 906 – Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Saffarid emir (died 963) 1002 – Pope Leo IX (died 1054) 1226 – Bolesław V the Chaste of Poland (died 1279) 1521 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (died 1580) 1528 – Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (died 1603) 1535 – Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (died 1596) 1565 – Scipione Chiaramonti, Italian philosopher and astronomer (died 1652)
1601–1900 1630 – Samuel Oppenheimer, German Jewish banker and diplomat (died 1703) 1636 – Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French noble (died 1721) 1639 – (O.S.) Increase Mather, American minister and author (died 1723) 1676 – (O.S.) Anthony Collins, English philosopher and author (died 1729) 1706 – John Dollond, English optician and astronomer (died 1761) 1710 – James Short, Scottish-English mathematician and optician (died 1768) 1712 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (died 1790) 1730 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese poet and scholar (died 1801) 1732 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German pianist and composer (died 1791) 1736 – (O.S.) Enoch Poor, American general (died 1780) 1741 – Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais (died 1808) 1750 – Pierre-Nicolas Beauvallet, French sculptor and illustrator (died 1818) 1759 – Alexander J. Dallas, American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1817) 1763 – Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, French philosopher and academic (died 1845) 1764 – Sidney Smith, English admiral and politician (died 1840) 1774 – Daniel D. Tompkins, American lawyer and politician, 6th Vice President of the United States (died 1825) 1781 – Siméon Denis Poisson, French mathematician and physicist (died 1840) 1786 – Charles Edward Horn, English opera singer and composer (died 1849) 1792 – Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian and scholar (died 1860) 1797 – Wilhelm Küchelbecker, Russian poet and author (died 1846) 1798 – Alexander Thomson of Banchory, Scottish jurist, agriculturalist and religious activist (died 1868) 1802 – Karl Zittel, German theologian (died 1871) 1805 – Karl Friedrich Curschmann, German composer and singer (died 1841) 1805 – Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician and geologist (died 1880) 1811 – Matthew Simpson, American Methodist bishop and academic (died 1884) 1814 – Paweł Bryliński, Polish sculptor (died 1890) 1814 – Anton Nuhn, German anatomist and academic (died 1889) 1823 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (died 1873) 1825 – Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Irish economist and jurist (died 1882) 1825 – William Stubbs, English bishop and historian (died 1901) 1828 – Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist and academic (died 1904) 1828 – Nikolaus Nilles, German Catholic writer and teacher (died 1907) 1834 – Frans de Cort, Flemish poet and author (died 1878) 1836 – Luigi Tripepi, Italian theologian (died 1906) 1839 – Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (died 1908) 1845 – Samuel Griffith, Welsh-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Queensland (died 1920) 1845 – Arthur Cowper Ranyard, English astrophysicist and astronomer (died 1894) 1846 – Marion Adams-Acton, Scottish-English author and playwright (died 1928) 1846 – Enrico Coleman, Italian painter (died 1911) 1850 – Daniel Carter Beard, American author and illustrator, co-founded the Boy Scouts of America (died 1941) 1857 – Charles Alderton, American pharmacist, founded Dr. Pepper (died 1941) 1858 – Giuseppe De Sanctis, Italian painter (died 1924) 1858 – Medardo Rosso, Italian sculptor and educator (died 1928) 1859 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American-French painter and illustrator (died 1937) 1860 – William Dobinson Halliburton, British physiologist and biochemist (died 1931) 1862 – Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai historian and author (died 1943) 1863 – Ludwig Lange, German physicist (died 1936) 1863 – Max Wolf, German astronomer and academic (died 1932) 1864 – Heinrich Wölfflin, Swiss historian and critic (died 1945) 1866 – Matt Kilroy, American baseball player (died 1940) 1867 – Oscar Florianus Bluemner, German-American painter and illustrator (died 1938) 1867 – William Brede Kristensen, Norwegian historian of religion (died 1953) 1868 – Edwin Stephen Goodrich, English zoologist and anatomist (died 1946) 1870 – Clara Immerwahr, Jewish-German chemist and academic (died 1915) 1870 – Anthony Michell, English-Australian engineer (died 1959) 1870 – Julio Ruelas, Mexican painter (died 1907) 1874 – Jacob Linzbach, Estonian linguist (died 1953) 1876 – Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist and academic (died 1956) 1880 – Arnold Gesell, American psychologist and pediatrician (died 1961) 1880 – Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, English economist and civil servant (died 1941) 1881 – (O.S.) Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter, costume designer, and illustrator (died 1962)