Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 spans more than 61.7 million base pairs, the building material of DNA. It is considered the most gene-rich chromosome containing roughly 1,500 genes, despite accounting for only 2 percent of the human genome.
Genes Number of genes The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 19. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation, their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.
Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date CCDS 1,357 — — 2016-09-08 HGNC 1,372 299 413 2017-05-12 Ensembl 1,469 894 514 2017-03-29 UniProt 1,435 — — 2018-02-28 NCBI 1,430 604 528 2017-05-19
Gene list
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 19. For a complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
Short arm
Long arm
Diseases and disorders The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 19:
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood Alzheimer's disease CADASIL Centronuclear myopathy autosomal dominant form Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Congenital hearing loss Congenital hypothyroidism Donohue syndrome Familial hemiplegic migraine Glutaric acidemia type 1 Hemochromatosis HUPRA syndrome Leber congenital amaurosis Maple syrup urine disease Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia Myotonic dystrophy Myotubular myopathy autosomal dominant form Oligodendroglioma Peutz–Jeghers syndrome Prolidase deficiency Pseudoachondroplasia Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 X-linked agammaglobulinemia or Bruton's disease
Cytogenetic band
+ G-bands of human chromosome 19 in resolution 850 bphsGenome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26. Chr. Arm"p": Short arm; "q": Long arm. BandFor cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus. ISCNstartThese values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit. ISCNstop Basepairstart Basepairstop Staingpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk. Density 19 p 13.3 0 578 gneg 19 p 13.2 578 870 gpos 25 19 p 13.13 870 1034 gneg 19 p 13.12 1034 1216 gpos 25 19 p 13.11 1216 1581 gneg 19 p 12 1581 1809 gvar 19 p 11 1809 1992 acen 19 q 11 1992 2159 acen 19 q 12 2159 2372 gvar 19 q 13.11 2372 2569 gneg 19 q 13.12 2569 2737 gpos 25 19 q 13.13 2737 2949 gneg 19 q 13.2 2949 3101 gpos 25 19 q 13.31 3101 3193 gneg 19 q 13.32 3193 3390 gpos 25 19 q 13.33 3390 3649 gneg 19 q 13.41 3649 3770 gpos 25 19 q 13.42 3770 3938 gneg 19 q 13.43 3938 4120 gpos 25
References
Human Proteome Project Launch website~ https://web.archive.org/web/20110726163128/http://www.hupo.org/research/hpp/HPP_legrain_sep_2010.pdf
External links