Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 135 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. The shorter arm (p arm) is termed 11p while the longer arm (q arm) is 11q. At about 21.5 genes per megabase, chromosome 11 is one of the most gene-rich, and disease-rich, chromosomes in the human genome.

More than 40% of the 856 olfactory receptor genes in the human genome are located in 28 single-gene and multi-gene clusters along the chromosome.

Gene Number of genes The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 11. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date CCDS 1,224 — — 2016-09-08 HGNC 1,262 271 666 2017-05-12 Ensembl 1,301 1,060 811 2017-03-29 UniProt 1,327 — — 2018-02-28 NCBI 1,314 860 839 2017-05-19

Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 11. For complete list, see the links in the infobox on the right.

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 11:

autism (NRXN2) acute intermittent porphyria albinism ataxia–telangiectasia Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome Best's disease beta-ketothiolase deficiency beta thalassemia bipolar disorder bladder cancer breast cancer carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Cystic fibrosis Depression Denys–Drash syndrome familial Mediterranean fever Tourette syndrome Hereditary angioedema Jacobsen syndrome Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Mantle cell lymphoma (t11;14) Meckel syndrome methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type Mixed lineage leukemia multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Hereditary multiple exostoses Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome Niemann–Pick disease nonsyndromic deafness porphyria Potocki–Shaffer syndrome Romano–Ward syndrome Sickle cell anemia Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency Usher syndrome WAGR syndrome Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome Wilms' tumor Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome

Cytogenetic band

+ G-bands of human chromosome 11 in resolution 850 bphsGenome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26. Chr. Arm"p": Short arm; "q": Long arm. BandFor cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus. ISCNstartThese values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit. ISCNstop Basepairstart Basepairstop Staingpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk. Density 11 p 15.5 0 230 gneg 11 p 15.4 230 461 gpos 50 11 p 15.3 461 745 gneg 11 p 15.2 745 935 gpos 50 11 p 15.1 935 1246 gneg 11 p 14.3 1246 1490 gpos 100 11 p 14.2 1490 1545 gneg 11 p 14.1 1545 1775 gpos 75 11 p 13 1775 2114 gneg 11 p 12 2114 2357 gpos 100 11 p 11.2 2357 2655 gneg 11 p 11.12 2655 2872 gpos 75 11 p 11.11 2872 3035 acen 11 q 11 3035 3197 acen 11 q 12.1 3197 3414 gpos 75 11 q 12.2 3414 3550 gneg 11 q 12.3 3550 3685 gpos 25 11 q 13.1 3685 4037 gneg 11 q 13.2 4037 4186 gpos 25 11 q 13.3 4186 4512 gneg 11 q 13.4 4512 4688 gpos 50 11 q 13.5 4688 4877 gneg 11 q 14.1 4877 5148 gpos 100 11 q 14.2 5148 5257 gneg 11 q 14.3 5257 5474 gpos 100 11 q 21 5474 5690 gneg 11 q 22.1 5690 5934 gpos 100 11 q 22.2 5934 6070 gneg 11 q 22.3 6070 6300 gpos 100 11 q 23.1 6300 6503 gneg 11 q 23.2 6503 6693 gpos 50 11 q 23.3 6693 7167 gneg 11 q 24.1 7167 7316 gpos 50 11 q 24.2 7316 7533 gneg 11 q 24.3 7533 7695 gpos 50 11 q 25 7695 7980 gneg

References

External links