Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 190 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Genomics The chromosome is ~193 megabases in length. In a 2012 paper, 775 protein-encoding genes were identified on this chromosome.Chen LC, Liu MY, Hsiao YC, Choong WK, Wu HY, Hsu WL, Liao PC, Sung TY, Tsai SF, Yu JS, Chen YJ (2012) Decoding the disease-associated proteins encoded in the human chromosome 4. J Proteome Res 211 (27.9%) of these coding sequences did not have any experimental evidence at the protein level, in 2012. 271 appear to be membrane proteins. 54 have been classified as cancer-associated proteins.

Genes Number of genes The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 4. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date CCDS 727 — — 2016-09-08 HGNC 731 277 633 2017-05-12 Ensembl 746 993 727 2017-03-29 UniProt 765 — — 2018-02-28 NCBI 769 934 819 2017-05-19

Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 4. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

Diseases and disorders The following are some of the diseases related to genes located on chromosome 4:

Achondroplasia Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD-2) Bladder cancer Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) Haemophilia C Huntington's disease Hemolytic uremic syndrome Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Hirschprung's disease Hypochondroplasia Mast cell activation syndrome Methylmalonic acidemia Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Muenke syndrome Nonsyndromic deafness Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease Polycystic kidney disease Romano–Ward syndrome SADDAN Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency Thanatophoric dysplasia Type 1 Type 2 Wolfram syndrome Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome

Cytogenetic band

+ G-bands of human chromosome 4 in resolution 850 bphs Chr. Arm"p": Short arm; "q": Long arm. BandFor cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus. ISCNstartThese values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit. ISCNstop Basepairstart Basepairstop Staingpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk. Density 4 p 16.3 0 220 1 gneg 4 p 16.2 220 389 gpos 25 4 p 16.1 389 779 gneg 4 p 15.33 779 1066 gpos 50 4 p 15.32 1066 1286 gneg 4 p 15.31 1286 1557 gpos 75 4 p 15.2 1557 1811 gneg 4 p 15.1 1811 2166 gpos 100 4 p 14 2166 2505 gneg 4 p 13 2505 2742 gpos 50 4 p 12 2742 2877 gneg 4 p 11 2877 3046 acen 4 q 11 3046 3249 acen 4 q 12 3249 3571 gneg 4 q 13.1 3571 3910 gpos 100 4 q 13.2 3910 4062 gneg 4 q 13.3 4062 4333 gpos 75 4 q 21.1 4333 4502 gneg 4 q 21.21 4502 4671 gpos 50 4 q 21.22 4671 4739 gneg 4 q 21.23 4739 4874 gpos 25 4 q 21.3 4874 5145 gneg 4 q 22.1 5145 5517 gpos 75 4 q 22.2 5517 5636 gneg 4 q 22.3 5636 5890 gpos 75 4 q 23 5890 6059 gneg 4 q 24 6059 6347 gpos 50 4 q 25 6347 6685 gneg 4 q 26 6685 7040 gpos 75 4 q 27 7040 7277 gneg 4 q 28.1 7277 7565 gpos 50 4 q 28.2 7565 7734 gneg 4 q 28.3 7734 8259 gpos 100 4 q 31.1 8259 8581 gneg 4 q 31.21 8581 8733 gpos 25 4 q 31.22 8733 8851 gneg 4 q 31.23 8851 9004 gpos 25 4 q 31.3 9004 9207 gneg 4 q 32.1 9207 9545 gpos 100 4 q 32.2 9545 9681 gneg 4 q 32.3 9681 9985 gpos 100 4 q 33 9985 10087 gneg 4 q 34.1 10087 10341 gpos 75 4 q 34.2 10341 10408 gneg 4 q 34.3 10408 10628 gpos 100 4 q 35.1 10628 10967 gneg 4 q 35.2 10967 11170 gpos 25

References

Further reading

External links