Events Pre-1600 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom. 1276 – While in exile in Fuzhou, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for Emperor Duanzong. 1285 – Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam: Forces led by Prince Trần Quang Khải of the Trần dynasty destroy most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong. 1287 – Kublai Khan defeats the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria. 1381 – Richard II of England meets leaders of the Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance. 1404 – Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies himself with the French against King Henry IV of England.
1601–1900 1618 – Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date). 1645 – English Civil War: Battle of Naseby: Twelve thousand Royalist forces are beaten by fifteen thousand Parliamentarian soldiers. 1658 – Franco-Spanish War: Turenne and the French army win a decisive victory over the Spanish at the battle of the Dunes. 1666 – A four day long naval engagement between the Dutch and English fleet ends, with the English suffering heavier losses. 1690 – King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Armed Forces. 1777 – The Second Continental Congress passes the Flag Act of 1777 adopting the Stars and Stripes as the Flag of the United States. 1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly journey in an open boat. 1800 – The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy. 1807 – Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition. 1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, bringing the 300 year old Sudanese kingdom to an end. 1822 – Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society. 1830 – Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj. 1839 – Henley Royal Regatta: the village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first regatta. 1846 – Bear Flag Revolt begins: Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic. 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia. 1863 – Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War. 1872 – Trade unions are legalized in Canada. 1888 – The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak. 1900 – Hawaii becomes a United States territory. 1900 – The second German Naval Law calls for the Imperial German Navy to be doubled in size, resulting in an Anglo-German naval arms race.
1901–present 1907 – The National Association for Women's Suffrage succeeds in getting Norwegian women the right to vote in parliamentary elections. 1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight. 1926 – Brazil leaves the League of Nations. 1931 – A deadly tornado strikes Birmingham, England, damaging 2,221 homes and businesses. 1934 – The landmark Australian Eastern Mission returns from its three-month tour of East and South-East Asia. 1937 – Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday. 1937 – U.S. House of Representatives passes the Marihuana Tax Act. 1940 – World War II: The German occupation of Paris begins. 1940 – The Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Lithuania, resulting in Lithuanian loss of independence. 1940 – Seven hundred and twenty-eight Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first inmates of the Auschwitz concentration camp. 1941 – June deportation: The first major wave of Soviet mass deportations of Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians from the occupied Baltic states begins. 1944 – World War II: After several failed attempts, the British Army abandons Operation Perch, its plan to capture the German-occupied town of Caen. 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army liberate the captured in Ilocos Sur and start the Battle of Bessang Pass in Northern Luzon. 1949 – Albert II, a rhesus monkey, rides a V-2 rocket to an altitude of 134 km (83 mi), thereby becoming the first mammal and first monkey in space.Monkeys in Space: A Brief Spaceflight History 1950 – An Air France Douglas DC-4 crashes near Bahrain International Airport, killing 40 people. This came two days after another Air France DC-4 crashed in the same location. 1951 – UNIVAC I is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau. 1954 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words "under God" into the United States Pledge of Allegiance. 1955 – Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty. 1959 – Disneyland Monorail System, the first daily operating monorail system in the Western Hemisphere, opens to the public in Anaheim, California. 1962 – The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency. 1966 – The Vatican announces the abolition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("index of prohibited books"), which was originally instituted in 1557. 1967 – Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched towards Venus. 1972 – Japan Air Lines Flight 471 crashes on approach to Palam International Airport (now Indira Gandhi International Airport) in New Delhi, India, killing 82 of the 87 people on board and four more people on the ground. 1982 – Falklands War: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley conditionally surrender to British forces ending the war. 1985 – Five member nations of the European Economic Community sign the Schengen Agreement establishing a free travel zone with no border controls. 1986 – The Mindbender derails, killing three riders and severely injuring one at the Fantasyland (known today as Galaxyland) indoor amusement park at West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton, Alberta. 1994 – The 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot occurs after the New York Rangers defeat the Vancouver Canucks to win the Stanley Cup, causing an estimated 1.1 million, leading to 200 arrests and injuries. 2002 – Near-Earth asteroid 2002 MN misses the Earth by , about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon. 2014 – A Ukraine military Ilyushin Il-76 airlifter is shot down, killing all 49 people on board. 2017 – The Grenfell Tower fire, a catastrophic fire in a high-rise apartment building in North Kensington, London, UK, leaves 72 people dead and another 74 injured. 2017 – Republican U.S. House Majority Whip Steve Scalise of Louisiana, and three others, are shot and wounded while practicing for the annual Congressional Baseball Game. 2026 — Two helicopters collide mid-air in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, killing all 6 people on board, including American singer-songwriter Oliver Tree, Argentine YouTuber Gaspi, director and screenwriter Lucas A. Vignale, and Brazilian music producer Lucas Frota.
Births Pre-1600 1444 – Nilakantha Somayaji, Indian astronomer and mathematician (died 1544) 1479 – Giglio Gregorio Giraldi, Italian poet and scholar (died 1552) 1529 – Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria (died 1595)
1601–1900 1627 – Johann Abraham Ihle, German astronomer (died 1699) 1691 – Jan Francisci, Slovak organist and composer (died 1758) 1726 – Thomas Pennant, Welsh ornithologist and historian (died 1798) 1730 – Antonio Sacchini, Italian composer and educator (died 1786) 1736 – Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist and engineer (died 1806) 1763 – Simon Mayr, German composer and educator (died 1845) 1780 – Henry Salt, English historian and diplomat, British Consul-General in Egypt (died 1827) 1796 – Nikolai Brashman, Czech-Russian mathematician and academic (died 1866) 1798 – František Palacký, Czech historian and politician (died 1876) 1801 – Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (died 1868) 1811 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author and activist (died 1896) 1819 – Henry Gardner, American merchant and politician, 23rd Governor of Massachusetts (died 1892) 1820 – John Bartlett, American author and publisher (died 1905) 1829 – Bernard Petitjean, French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (died 1884) 1838 – Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese Field Marshal and politician, 3rd and 9th Prime Minister of Japan (died 1922) 1840 – William F. Nast, American businessman (died 1893) 1848 – Bernard Bosanquet, English philosopher and theorist (died 1923) 1848 – Max Erdmannsdörfer, German conductor and composer (died 1905) 1855 – Robert M. La Follette, American lawyer and politician, 20th Governor of Wisconsin (died 1925) 1856 – Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician and theorist (died 1922) 1862 – John Ulric Nef, Swiss-American chemist and academic (died 1915) 1864 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist and neuropathologist (died 1915) 1868 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1943) 1868 – Anna B. Eckstein, German peace activist (died 1947) 1870 – Sophia of Prussia (died 1932) 1871 – Hermanus Brockmann, Dutch rower (died 1936) 1871 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish mechanic and engineer (died 1946) 1872 – János Szlepecz, Slovene priest and author (died 1936) 1877 – Jane Bathori, French soprano (died 1970) 1877 – Ida MacLean, British biochemist, the first woman admitted to the London Chemical Society (died 1944) 1878 – Léon Thiébaut, French fencer (died 1943) 1879 – Arthur Duffey, American sprinter and coach (died 1955) 1884 – John McCormack, Irish tenor and actor (died 1945) 1884 – Georg Zacharias, German swimmer (died 1953) 1890 – May Allison, American actress (died 1989) 1894 – Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (died 1924) 1894 – José Carlos Mariátegui (died 1930) 1894 – W. W. E. Ross, Canadian geophysicist and poet (died 1966) 1895 – Jack Adams, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (died 1968) 1898 – Theobald Wolfe Tone FitzGerald, Irish Army Officer and painter (died 1962) 1900 – Ruth Nanda Anshen, American writer, editor, and philosopher (died 2003) 1900 – June Walker, American stage and film actress (died 1966)
1901–present 1903 – Alonzo Church, American mathematician and logician (died 1995) 1903 – Rose Rand, Austrian-American logician and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (died 1980) 1904 – Margaret Bourke-White, American photographer and journalist (died 1971) 1905 – Steve Broidy, American businessman (died 1991) 1905 – Arthur Davis, American animator and director (died 2000) 1907 – Nicolas Bentley, English author and illustrator (died 1978) 1907 – René Char, French poet and author (died 1988) 1909 – Burl Ives, American actor and singer (died 1995) 1910 – Rudolf Kempe, German pianist and conductor (died 1976) 1912 – E. Cuyler Hammond, American epidemiologist, linked smoking with lung cancer (died 1986) 1913 – Joe Morris, English-Canadian lieutenant and trade union leader (died 1996) 1916 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (died 2001)