Arizona's 1st congressional district

Arizona's 1st congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona, covering northeastern Maricopa County. Before 2023, geographically, it was the eleventh-largest congressional district in the country and included much of the state outside the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas. From 2013 through 2022, it also included the Navajo Nation, the Hopi reservation, and the Gila River Indian Community, with 25% of the population being Native American. At that time, the district had more Native Americans than any other congressional district in the United States. In the 2022 elections, David Schweikert was elected in the redefined district.

The new 1st district (as of 2023) includes northeast Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, and Fountain Hills. It is majority-white and is the wealthiest congressional district in Arizona.

History When Arizona was first divided into congressional districts as a result of the 1950 census, the 1st district comprised all of Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, while the rest of the state was in the 2nd district. In a mid-decade redistricting resulting from Wesberry v. Sanders in 1967, the 1st was cut back to eastern Phoenix and most of what became the East Valley.

Over the years, the 1st's share of Phoenix was gradually reduced due to the area's explosive growth in the second half of the 20th century. However, it remained based in the East Valley until Arizona picked up two seats in the 2000 U.S. census. The old 1st essentially became the 6th district, while a new 1st district was created to serve most of the state outside of Phoenix and Tucson.

During its time in the East Valley, the 1st district was represented by some of Arizona’s most prominent lawmakers, including John Jacob Rhodes, the House Minority Leader during the Nixon administration, who was succeeded by John McCain, a future senator and presidential nominee. Jeff Flake, another future Senator, held the district during the final term as the East Valley district.

After the 2012 redistricting, the Hopi reservation was drawn into the 1st district; it had previously been included within the 2nd district. Also included were some northern suburbs of Tucson that had been in the 8th, as well as a tiny section of Phoenix itself near the Gila River Indian Community. Meanwhile, heavily Republican Prescott, the old 1st's largest city, and much of surrounding Yavapai County were drawn into the new, heavily Republican 4th district. The district was then considered to be significantly more competitive for Democrats, who held the seat without interruption for a decade.

In the 2022 redistricting, this district essentially became the 2nd district, while the 1st was redrawn to cover most of the territory in the 6th district. It covers Northeastern Maricopa County, east of I-17 and north of Az-202 along the Salt River. It includes the northeastern suburbs of Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, Carefree, Fountain Hills, Rio Verde, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation. That district, in turn, had been the 4th district from 1973 to 2003, and then the 3rd district from 2003 to 2013.

2012–2021 areas covered From 2012 to 2021, the district covered the entirety of the following counties: Apache County Coconino County Graham County Greenlee County Navajo County

The district covered the majority of: Pinal County

Small portions of the following counties were also covered: Gila County Maricopa County Mohave County Pima County Yavapai County

2023–2033 areas covered Source:

Maricopa County (11) Carefree, Cave Creek, Fountain Hills, Mesa (part; also 4th and 5th), Paradise Valley, Phoenix (part; also 3rd, 4th, and 8th), Rio Verde, Scottsdale

Recent election results from statewide races Year Office Results2003–2013 Boundaries 2004 PresidentBush 53.8% - 45.5%2008 PresidentMcCain 54.5% - 44.1%2010 SenateMcCain 58.3% - 35.0% GovernorBrewer 55.7% - 41.0% Secretary of StateBennett 56.5% - 43.5% Attorney GeneralHorne 52.4% - 47.6% TreasurerDucey 51.1% - 41.8%2013–2023 Boundaries2008 PresidentMcCain 51.0% - 47.8%2012 PresidentRomney 50.4% - 47.9%2016 PresidentTrump 47.7% - 46.6% SenateMcCain 48.4% - 45.3%2018 SenateSinema 50.6% - 46.4% GovernorDucey 54.3% - 43.1% Attorney GeneralContreras 49.9% - 49.9%2020 PresidentBiden 50.1% - 48.4% Senate (Spec.)Kelly 52.1% - 47.9%2023–2033 Boundaries2016 PresidentTrump 48.8% - 44.6% SenateMcCain 57.8% - 37.4%2018 SenateSinema 50.0% - 48.3% GovernorDucey 57.7% - 40.7%2020 PresidentBiden 50.1% - 48.6% Senate (Spec.)Kelly 50.7% - 49.3%2022 SenateKelly 52.5% - 45.8% GovernorHobbs 51.5% - 48.1% Secretary of StateFontes 54.0% - 45.9% Attorney GeneralMayes 51.4% - 48.5% TreasurerYee 56.3% - 43.7%2024 PresidentTrump 51.1% - 48.0% SenateGallego 51.6% - 46.6%

List of members representing the district Arizona gained a second congressional seat after the 1940 census. It used a general ticket to elect its representatives until the 1948 elections, when candidates ran from each of the districts.

Member Party Term Congress Electoral history Geographical areaCongressional Directory: Browse 105th Congress District created January 3, 1949 John R. Murdock Democratic January 3, 1949 –January 3, 1953 Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1948.Re-elected in 1950.Lost re-election. 1949–1967:Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix John J. Rhodes Jr. Republican January 3, 1953 –January 3, 1983 Elected in 1952.Re-elected in 1954.Re-elected in 1956.Re-elected in 1958.Re-elected in 1960.Re-elected in 1962.Re-elected in 1964.Re-elected in 1966Re-elected in 1968Re-elected in 1970Re-elected in 1972Re-elected in 1974Re-elected in 1976Re-elected in 1978Re-elected in 1980Retired. 1967–1983:Part of Maricopa County: Metro Phoenix John McCain Republican January 3, 1983 –January 3, 1987 Elected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Retired to run for U.S. senator. 1983–2003:Part of Maricopa County: Parts of Metro Phoenix (East Valley) John J. Rhodes III Republican January 3, 1987 –January 3, 1993 Elected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Lost re-election. Sam Coppersmith Democratic January 3, 1993 –January 3, 1995 Elected in 1992.Retired to run for U.S. senator. Matt Salmon Republican January 3, 1995 –January 3, 2001 Elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Re-elected in 1998.Retired to run for Governor of Arizona. Jeff Flake Republican January 3, 2001 –January 3, 2003 Elected in 2000.Redistricted to the . Rick Renzi Republican January 3, 2003 –January 3, 2009 Elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Re-elected in 2006.Retired. 2003–2013:North and East Arizona: Apache County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Yavapai County, and parts of Coconino County, Navajo County, and Pinal County Ann Kirkpatrick Democratic January 3, 2009 –January 3, 2011 Elected in 2008.Lost re-election. Paul Gosar Republican January 3, 2011 –January 3, 2013 Elected in 2010.Redistricted to the . Ann Kirkpatrick Democratic January 3, 2013 –January 3, 2017 Elected again in 2012.Re-elected in 2014.Retired to run for U.S. senator. 2013–2023:Apache County, and parts of Coconino County, Gila County, Graham County, Greenlee County, Maricopa County part Navajo County, Pima County, Pinal County Tom O'Halleran Democratic January 3, 2017 –January 3, 2023 Elected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Redistricted to the and lost re-election. David Schweikert Republican January 3, 2023 –present Redistricted from the and re-elected in 2022.Re-elected in 2024.Retiring to run for governor. 2023–present:Northeastern suburbs of Phoenix, including Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Cave Creek, and Fountain Hills

Recent election results

2002–2012 2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012–2022 2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022–present 2022

2024

Arizona's 1st congressional district

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