The Texas State Cemetery (TSC) is a cemetery located on about just east of downtown Austin, the capital of the U.S. state of Texas. Originally the burial place of Edward Burleson, Texas Revolutionary general and vice-president of the Republic of Texas, it was expanded into a Confederate cemetery during the Civil War. Later it was expanded again to include the graves and cenotaphs of prominent Texans and their spouses.
It is a popular tourist attraction and colloquially referred to as the "Arlington of Texas" because of the renown of those interred and proximity to the seat of government.
The cemetery is divided into two sections. The smaller one contains around 900 graves of prominent Texans, while the larger has over 2,000 marked graves of Confederate veterans and widows. There is room for 7,500 interments; the cemetery is about half full, after including plots chosen by people who are eligible for burial.
Burial guidelines The guidelines on who may be buried within the Texas State Cemetery were first established in 1953, and are currently set by Texas state law. Currently, all persons to be buried in the cemetery must be one of the following:Texas Government Code, Chapter 2165 (Section 2165.256, subsections (d), (e) & (f)) A former member of the legislature or a member who dies in office. A former elected state official or an official who dies in office (e.g., Governors of Texas, Lieutenant Governors of Texas, state Attorneys-General and departmental commissioners). State official appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Legislature who served at least 10 years in the office. After September 1, 2015, this criterion may be used only upon approval of the State Cemetery Committee if it finds the official made a significant contribution to Texas history.HB 2206, 2015 Texas Legislature (Section 2) Individual designated by governor's proclamation, concurrent resolution of the Legislature, or order of the State Cemetery Committee; but only after approval of the committee if it finds the individual made a significant contribution to Texas history. The statute as written permits the committee to deny burial under this criterion even if requested by the governor or Legislature. The spouse of anyone meeting the above criteria. The child of an eligible member, but only if he or she was dependent on another due to a long-standing physical or mental condition during the lifetime of one of the child's parents.
History
After the death of Edward Burleson in 1851, the Texas Legislature arranged for his burial on land formerly belonging to Andrew Jackson Hamilton. In 1854, the Legislature established a monument at Burleson's grave-site for $1,000 and purchased the surrounding land. The burial ground was virtually ignored until the Civil War, when Texas Confederate officers killed in battle were buried there. In 1864 and 1866 more land was purchased for veterans' burials. An area of was also set aside for graves of Union veterans (all but one later removed, to Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery in San Antonio). The remaining Union soldier is Antonio Briones, who was left at the request of his family. He is interred alone in the far northeast corner of the cemetery.
Because the Texas Confederate Men's Home and the Confederate Women's Home were located in Austin, more than two thousand Confederate veterans and widows are interred at the State Cemetery. Most were buried after 1889. The last Confederate veterans in the Cemetery were reinterred in 1944; the last widow, in 1963.
In 1932, the State Cemetery was little known and had no roads. There was a dirt road running through the grounds of the Cemetery linked to what was then called Onion Creek Highway. The road kept its highway status when Texas historian Louis Kemp brought it to the attention of the Texas Highway Department that the road running through the Cemetery should be paved. The roads, which are officially designated as State Highway 165, are dedicated to Kemp, and were for a time known as "Lou Kemp Highway". Kemp was also the driving force behind the reinterment of many early Texas figures in time for the Texas Centennial in 1936.
The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, but by the early 1990s, the State Cemetery had fallen into disrepair—suffering from vandalism and decay—and was unsafe to visit. In 1994, after noting the condition of the Cemetery, Lieutenant Governor Bob Bullock initiated a three-year project that added a visitor center and renovated the cemetery. In 1997, there was a re-dedication and a reopening of the State Cemetery.
A three-person Texas State Cemetery committee oversees operations at the cemetery. Thomas N. "Tom" Sellers (appointed by Governor Greg Abbott) is chairman. James L. Bayless (Speaker's appointment) and Carolyn Hodges (appointee of the lieutenant governor) also serve. Nathan Stephens is the Administrator and the senior historian is Will Erwin.
Former Governor and United States President George W. Bush announced his intention to be buried in the State Cemetery. However, in August 2018, Bush decided he and his wife will be buried at his presidential center following their deaths.
Monuments and memorials Notable monuments and memorials within the cemetery include:
Black Legislators Monument Gold Star Mothers Memorial Medal of Honor Monument Nine Men of Praha Monument Purple Heart Monument September 11, 2001 Monument Texas Armed Forces Memorial Flagpole Victory in Europe and Victory in Japan Day Monument Vietnam Memorial
Notable interments
Betty Andujar, state legislator Bob Armstrong, Land Commissioner of Texas Stephen F. Austin, impresario Moseley Baker, journalist, soldier Don Baylor, baseball player Cedric Benson, football player George Beto, director of the Texas Department of Corrections"Beto, George John." Handbook of Texas. Retrieved on August 8, 2010. Anita Lee Blair, state legislator Andrew Briscoe, veteran of the Texas Revolution Guy M. Bryan, U.S. Congressman from Texas and Confederate veteran Benjamin F. Bryant, veteran of the Texas Revolution Augustus Buchel, German born U.S. veteran and Confederate veteran Bob Bullock, Lieutenant Governor of Texas Edward Burleson, Vice President of the Republic of Texas Greg Coleman, Solicitor General of Texas Waggoner Carr, Texas Attorney General Gene Cernan, astronautThe Last Man on the Moon DVD 'Final Resting Place' 2015 George Christian, journalist Wayne Connally, state legislator (cremated, with cenotaph) Barbara Smith Conrad, opera singer James Cotton, blues musician Trammel Crow, real estate developer Walter Cunningham, astronaut Susanna Dickinson, survivor of the Battle of the Alamo J. Frank Dobie, writer John Holt Duncan, jurist Joe Bertram Frantz, historian Fred Gipson, author Lena Guerrero, Texas Railroad Commissioner Dorsey B. Hardeman, state legislator William Polk Hardeman, Texian veteran, U.S. veteran, and Confederate veteran. Confederate General. Warren G. Harding, Texas State Treasurer John Hemphill, Chief Justice of Texas Jack Hightower, U.S. Representative Paul John Hilbert, state legislator Andrew Jackson Houston, U.S. Senator John Hughes, Texas Ranger Patrick C. Jack, member of the Texas Congress Barbara Jordan, U.S. Representative Albert Sidney Johnston, Texian veteran, U.S. veteran, and Confederate veteran. General in all 3 armies. Delwin Jones, state legislator William Wayne Justice, federal judge Herb Kelleher, founder of Southwest Airlines Larry L. King, journalist Dan Kubiak, educator and businessman Edmund Kuempel, state legislator Chris Kyle, US Navy SEAL Tom Landry, football coach and player (cenotaph) Thomas C. Lea III, artist and writer Frank L. Madla, state legislator Benjamin McCulloch, U.S veteran and Confederate veteran. Confederate General. Spanky McFarland, actorTexas State Cemetery Crawford Martin, Texas Attorney General Jim Mattox, Texas Attorney General James A. Michener, writer (cenotaph) Richard Moya, Travis County Commissioner José Antonio Navarro, veteran of the Texas Revolution James E. Nugent, Texas Railroad Commissioner Richard Arvin Overton, World War II veteran Bill Patman, U.S. Representative Hally Ballinger Bryan Perry, co-founder of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas J. J. Pickle, U.S. Representative William C. Powers Jr., president of the University of Texas Cactus Pryor, broadcaster Irma Lerma Rangel, state legislator Daniel Webster Roberts, Texas Ranger Sterling C. Robertson, settler Darrell Royal, football coach and player Jerry Sadler, Texas Land Commissioner William Read Scurry, Representative in the Republic of Texas House of Representatives, U.S. veteran and Confederate veteran. CSA General. Bud Shrake, writer Lamartine Pemberton Sieker, Texas Ranger Pete Snelson, state legislator James Austin Sylvester, veteran of the Texas Revolution Alexander W. Terrell, state legislator Ernest O. Thompson, Texas Railroad Commissioner May Peterson Thompson, opera singer Homer Thornberry, federal judge and U.S. Representative John G. Tower, U.S. Senator (cenotaph) Joanna Troutman, seamstress of original Texas flag Byron M. Tunnell, Texas Railroad Commissioner William A. A. "Bigfoot" Wallace, Texas Ranger Thomas W. Ward, builder-architect, soldier, Mayor of Austin Walter Prescott Webb, historian Willie Wells, baseball player John A. Wharton, Confederate veteran, plantation owner Robert McAlpin Williamson, judge James Charles Wilson, member of the Texas Congress Will Wilson, Texas Attorney General Charlie Wilson, U.S. Representative (Cenotaph) Ralph Yarborough, U.S. Senator
Governors and First Lady of Texas Peter Hansborough Bell John Connally and Nellie Connally Edmund J. Davis Miriam "Ma" Ferguson James "Pa" Ferguson James Pinckney Henderson John Ireland Francis Lubbock Dan Moody Ann Richards Hardin Richard Runnels Allan Shivers Preston Smith Mark White
Other 1 Navy SEAL 5 Lieutenant Governors of Texas 5 Speakers of the Texas House of Representatives 15 Signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence 3 U.S. Senators 6 U.S. Representatives 5 First Ladies of Texas (including planned burial plots for Anita Thigpen Perry who are still alive) 5 authors 11 Republic of Texas veterans 9 Confederate Generals 3 Medal of Honor recipients 2 American Revolutionary War veterans 1 17th-century French sailor (remains discovered in the wreck of La Salle's ship La Belle in 1995) First Texas Solicitor General 1 member of the Baseball Hall of Fame 2 astronauts 1 president of the University of Texas at Austin 1 football player 1 notable supercenterian
Popular culture In one episode of King of the Hill, Cotton Hill is awarded a plot in the Texas State Cemetery for his heroism during World War II. However, Cotton is never buried in this plot when he dies in another episode, but is instead cremated. Actor Barry Jenner, who appeared in 27 episodes of the 1980s television series Dallas, is also awarded a plot.
Gallery
See also
List of cemeteries in Texas Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery)
References
External links
Texas State Cemetery searchable database. One can search by name or by location in the cemetery.
Political Graveyard list of politicians buried in the Texas State Cemetery. Where They R.I.P. Site dedicated to finding the burial locations of Texas's elected officials from the Republic Era to statehood. Includes lists of African-American legislators, governors and other elected officials.