State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century– State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century BC (100–1 BC).
Africa
Africa: Northcentral
Libya
Cyrene (complete list) – Ptolemy Apion, King (c.147–96 BC)
Africa: Northeast
Egypt
Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) – Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Pharaoh (116–110 BC, 110–109 BC, 88–81 BC) Ptolemy X Alexander I, Pharaoh (110–109 BC, 107–88 BC) Berenice III, Pharaoh (101–88 BC, 81–80 BC) Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Pharaoh (80 BC) Ptolemy XII Auletes, Pharaoh (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC) Cleopatra VI, Pharaoh (58–57 BC) Berenice IV, Pharaoh (58–55 BC) Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Pharaoh (51–47 BC) Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh (51–30 BC) Arsinoe IV, Queen (48–47 BC) Ptolemy XIV, Pharaoh (47–44 BC) Caesarion, Pharaoh (44–30 BC)
Nubia
Kush (complete list) – Tanyidamani, Qore (2nd–1st century BC) Naqyrinsan, Qore (early 1st century BC) Aqrakamani, Qore (late 1st century BC) Teriteqas, Qore (c.40 BC) Amanirenas, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.40–10 BC) Amanishakheto, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.10 BC–1 AD) Amanitore, Kandake, Queen Co-regent (c.40–10 BC) Amanikhabale, Qore (c.50–40 BC)
Africa: Northwest
Algeria
Numidia (complete list) – Gauda, King (105–88 BC) Hiempsal II, King (88–60 BC) Juba I, King (60–46 BC) Juba II, client King under Rome (29–25 BC)
Morocco
Mauretania (complete list) – Bocchus I, King (c.110–c.80s BC) Bocchus II, King (49–c.33 BC) Bogud, Co-King (49–c.38 BC) Juba II, client King under Rome (25 BC–23 AD)
Asia Asia: East
China
Western Han, China (complete list) – Wu, Emperor (141–87 BC) Zhao, Emperor (87–74 BC) Liu He, Emperor (74 BC) Xuan Di, Emperor (74–49 BC) Yuan, Emperor (48–33 BC) Cheng, Emperor (33–7 BC) Ai, Emperor (7–1 BC) Ping, Emperor (1 BC–5 AD)
Korea: Three Kingdoms
Baekje (complete list) – Onjo, King (18 BC–28 AD)
Eastern Buyeo (complete list) – Hae Buru, King (86–48 BC) Geumwa, King (48–7 BC) Daeso, King (7 BC–22 AD)
Goguryeo (complete list) – Dongmyeong, King (37–19 BC) Yuri, King (19 BC–18 AD)
Silla (complete list) – Hyeokgeose, King (57 BC–4 AD)
Asia: South
India
Kanva dynasty (complete list) – Vasudeva (c.75–c.66 BC) Bhumimitra (c.66–c.52 BC) Narayana (c.52–c.40 BC) Susharman (c.40–c.30 BC)
Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology) – Satakarni II, King (141–85 BC) Lambodara, King (85–67 BC) Apilaka, King (67–55 BC) Meghasvati, King (55–37 BC) Svati, King (37–19 BC) Skandasvati, King (19–12 BC) Mrigendra Satakarni, King (12–9 BC) Kunatala Satakarni, King (9–1 BC) Satakarni III, King (1 BC–1 AD)
Northern Satraps (complete list) – Hagamasha, Satrap (late 1st century BC) Hagana, Satrap (late 1st century BC)
Shunga Empire (complete list) – Devabhuti, Emperor (83–73 BC)
Pakistan
Apracharajas (complete list) – Indravarman, Raja (1st century BC) Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD)
Sri Lanka
Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) – Pulahatta, King (103–100 BC) Bahiya, King (100–98 BC) Panya Mara, King (98–91 BC) Pilaya Mara, King (91–90 BC) Dathika, King (90–88 BC) Valagamba, King (104–103, c.89–77 BC) Mahakuli Mahatissa, King (76–62 BC) Chora Naga, King (62–50 BC) Kuda Tissa, King (50–47 BC) Siva I, King (47–47 BC) Vatuka, King (47–47 BC) Darubhatika Tissa, King (47–47 BC) Niliya, King (47–47 BC) Anula, King (47–42 BC) Kutakanna Tissa, King (42–20 BC) Bhatikabhaya Abhaya, King (20 BC–9 AD)
Asia: West
Bithynia (complete list) – Nicomedes III Euergetes, King (127–94 BC) Nicomedes IV Philopator, King (94–74 BC) Socrates Chrestus, King (c.90 BC)
Cappadocia (complete list) – Ariarathes VIII, client King under Rome (101–96 BC) Ariarathes IX, nominal King under Pontus (c. 95 BC) Ariobarzanes I, client King (95–c.63 BC) Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (c.63–51 BC) Ariobarzanes III, client King under Rome (51–42 BC) Ariarathes X, client King under Rome (42–36 BC) Archelaus, client King under Rome (36 BC–17 AD)
Characene (complete list) – Tiraios I, King (95/94–90/89 BC) Tiraios II, King (79/78–49/48 BC) Artabazos I, King (49/48–48/47 BC) Attambelos I, King (47/46–25/24 BC) Theonesios I, King (c.19/18) Attambelos II, King (c.17/16 BC–8/9 AD)
Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) – Asander, client King under Rome (47 BC, 44–17 BC) Dynamis, client Queen under Rome (47–14 BC) Mithridates, client King under Rome (47–44 BC) Scribonius, King (17–16 BC) Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
Colchis (complete list) – Mithridates, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC) Machares, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC) Aristarchus, client King under Rome (65–47 BC)
Commagene (complete list) – Mithridates I, King (109–70 BC) Antiochus I, King (70–38 BC) Mithridates II, King (38–20 BC) Mithridates III, King (20–12 BC) Antiochus III, King (12 BC–17 AD)
Elymais (complete list) – Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus, client King under Parthia (c.85 BC) Kamnaskires IV, client King under Parthia (c.82/1–c.76/5 BC) Kamnaskires V, client King under Parthia (c.73/2–c.46 BC)According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires V, VI, VII, VIII and IX. Kamnaskires VI, client King under Parthia (c.46–c.28 BC)According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires X and XI. Kamnaskires VII, client King under Parthia (c.28 BC–c.1 AD)According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.
Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) – Antialcidas, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, and Gandhara (115–95 BC) Heliokles II, King of Gandhara and Punjab (110–100 BC) Polyxenios, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.100 BC) Demetrius III, King of Gandhara and Punjab (c.100 BC) Philoxenus, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (100–95 BC) Diomedes, King of Paropamisade (95–90 BC) Amyntas, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (95–90 BC) Epander, King of Punjab (95–90 BC) Theophilos, King of Paropamisade (c.90 BC) Peukolaos, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (c.90 BC) Nicias, King of Paropamisade (90–85 BC) Menander II, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (90–85 BC) Hermaeus, King of Paropamisade (90–70 BC) Archebius, King of Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (90–80 BC) Maues, Indo-Scythian King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (85–60 BC) Artemidoros, King of Gandhara/Punjab (c.80 BC) Apollodotus II, King of Punjab (80–65 BC) Telephos, King of Gandhara (75–70 BC) Hippostratos, King of Western Punjab (65–55 BC) Dionysios, King of Eastern Punjab (65–55 BC) Zoilos II, King of Eastern Punjab (55–35 BC) Apollophanes, King of Eastern Punjab (35–25 BC) Strato II and Strato III, Kings of Eastern Punjab (25 BC–10 AD)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom (complete list) – Maues, King (c.85–60 BC) Vonones, King (c.75–65 BC) Spalahores, King (c.75–65 BC) Spalirises, King (c.60–57 BC) Azes I, King (c.57–35 BC) Azilises, King (c.57–35 BC) Azes II, King (c.35–12 BC) Zeionises, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD) Kharahostes, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)
Judea: Hasmonean dynasty (complete list) – Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest (103–76 BC) Alexandra Salome, Queen (76–67 BC) John Hyrcanus II High Priest (76–66, 63–40 BC) King (67–66 BC) Ethnarch (47–40 BC) Aristobulus II, King and High Priest (66–63 BC) Antipater, Procurator (47–44 BC) Antigonus, King and High Priest (40–37 BC)
Judea: Herodian dynasty (complete list) – Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)
Nabataea (complete list) – Aretas II, King (120/110–96 BC) Obodas I, King (c.96–85 BC) Aretas III, King (84–60/59 BC) Obodas II, King (62/61–60/59 BC) Malichus I, King (59–30 BC) Obodas III, King (30–9 BC) Aretas IV Philopatris, King (9/8 BC–39/40 AD)
Osroene (complete list) – Bakru II, King (112–94 BC) Ma'nu I, King (94 BC) Abgar I, King (94–68 BC) Abgar II, King (68–52 BC) Ma'nu II, King (52–34 BC) Paqor of, King (34–29 BC) Abgar III, King (29–26 BC) Abgar IV, King (26–23 BC) Ma'nu III, King (23–4 BC) Abgar V, King (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)
Parthian Empire (complete list) – Mithridates II, Great King, Shah (124–88 BC) Gotarzes I, Great King, Shah (95–90 BC) Orodes I, Great King, Shah (90–80 BC) Sanatruces, Great King, Shah (77–70 BC) Phraates III, Great King, Shah (70–57 BC) Mithridates III, Great King, Shah (57–54 BC) Orodes II, Great King, Shah (57–38 BC) Pacorus I,§ Great King, Shah (51 BC) Phraates IV, Great King, Shah (37–2 BC) Tiridates II,§ Great King, Shah (32 BC) Musa, Great Queen, Shah (2 BC–4 AD) Phraates V, Great King, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
Pontus (complete list) – Mithridates VI, King (120–63 BC) Pharnaces II, client King under Rome (63–47 BC) Darius, client King under Rome (39–37 BC) Arsaces, client King under Rome (c.37 BC) Polemon I, client King under Rome (37–8 BC) Pythodorida, client Queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
Seleucid Empire (complete list) – Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, King (114–96 BC) Seleucus VI Epiphanes, King (96–95 BC) Antiochus X Eusebes, King (95–92/83 BC) Antiochus XI Epiphanes, King (95–87 BC) Demetrius III Eucaerus, King (95–92 BC) Philip I Philadelphus, King (95–84/83 BC) Antiochus XII Dionysus, King (87–84 BC) Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes, King (83–69 BC) Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, King (69–64 BC) Philip II Philoromaeus, King (65–63 BC)
Europe
Europe: Balkans Sapaean kingdom of Thrace (complete list) – Cotys I, King (57–48 BC) Rhescuporis I, King (48–41 BC)
Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) – Teres III, King (c.149 BC) Beithys, King (140–120 BC) Cotys V, King (120–? BC) Sadalas I, King (87–79 BC) Cotys VI, King (57–48 BC) Sadalas II, King (48–42 BC) Sadalas III, King (42–31 BC) Rhescuporis II, King (18–13 BC) Rhascus, King (18–11 BC) Rhoemetalces I, King (12 BC–12 AD)
Europe: British Isles Atrebates (complete list) – Commius, King (57–c.22 BC Tincomarus, King (c.22–8 AD) Eppillus, King (8–15) Verica, King (15–40)
Catuvellauni (complete list) – Cassivellaunus, Chieftain/Leader (c. 54 BC) Tasciovanus, King (c.20 BC–9 AD)
Europe: Central Marcomanni (complete list) – Maroboduus, King (9 BC–19 AD)
Europe: East Dacia (complete list) – Charnabon, King (5th century BC) Histrianorum, King (c.339 BC) Cothelas, King (4th century BC)Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 63, "Getae under Cothelas" Dual, King (3rd century BC) Rhemaxos,Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania - East European Monographs”, 1996, , page 17 "..Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...." King (c.200 BC)The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra VII by Stanley M. Burstein, 1985, Index Rhemaxos Getic or Scythian ruler Moskon, King (3rd century BC) Dromichaetes, King (3rd century BC)Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Dromichaetes, King of the Getians Zalmodegicus, King (late 3rd century BC)Kurt W. Treptow and Ioan Bolovan in “A history of Romania - East European Monographs”, 1996, , page 17 "Two inscriptions discovered at Histria indicate that Geto-Dacian rulers (Zalmodegikos and later Rhemaxos) continued to exercise control over that city-state around 200 BC ...."McGing B.C.: The foreign policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus Rubobostes, King (2nd century BC)Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, Index Rubobostes Dacian, King Oroles, King (2nd century BC)Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 53, "Dacian, King Oroles" Dicomes, King (1st century BC)Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47, "Dicomes of the Getians" Rholes, King (1st century BC)The Roman History: The Reign of Augustus by Cassius Dio, Ian Scott-Kilvert, and John Carter, 1987, page 85: "... Then he completed their destruction with the help of Roles, the, King of a tribe of the Getae. When Roles visited Octavian, he was treated as a friend ..."