The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia or the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia (; or ; ) was a nominally autonomous kingdom and constitutionally defined separate political nationSee §. 59.Zakonski čl. XII. 1868. (Croatian–Hungarian Settlement) (in Croatian) "§. 59. Obzirom na to, da su kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija politički narod, imajući posebni svoj teritorij i u pogledu nutarnjih svojih poslovah vlastito zakonodavstvo i autonomnu vladu, ustanovljuje se nadalje; da se zastupnici istih kraljevinah tako na zajedničkom saboru kako i u delegaciji mogu služiti i jezikom hrvatskim. (transl.) §.59. Considering that the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia are a political nation, having their own separate territory and, in terms of its own affairs, its own legislation and autonomous government, is further established; that the representatives of the same Kingdoms can use both in the joint parliament and in the delegation Croatian." Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 123.See; translation of the law XLIV. 1868. (law on nationality)/1868-ik évi XLIV. TÖRVÉNYCZIKK a nemzetiségi egyenjogúság tárgyában. THE LAW OF NATIONALITIES (Act XLIV of the year 1868.) "since all citizens of Hungary, according to the principles of the constitution, form from a political point of view one nation – the indivisible unitary Hungarian nation – of which every citizen of the fatherland is a member, no matter to what nationality he belongs: since, moreover, this equality of right can only exist with reference to the official use of the various languages of the country,...§ 29. The provisions of this law do not extend to Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia, which possess a special territory and form politically a special nation;" RACIAL PROBLEMS IN HUNGARY By SCOTUS VIATOR, Author, Robert William Seton-Watson. Publisher, Constable, 1908. within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was created in 1868 by merging the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868. It was associated with the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual Austro-Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, also known as Transleithania. While Croatia had been granted a wide internal autonomy with "national features", in reality, Croatian control over key issues such as tax and military issues was minimal and hampered by Hungary. It was officially referred to as the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia,Croatian–Hungarian settlement, Constitution, 1868, Article §. 1.(Croatian) Law codex, S. V., no. 30, Issued by the Sabor, (Zagreb), Y: 1917, p: 101, 'Law act III:1917, Coronation oath' also simply known as the Triune Kingdom, and had claims on Kingdom of Dalmatia, which was administered separately by the Austrian Cisleithania. The city of Rijeka, following a disputed section in the 1868 Settlement known as the , became a corpus separatum and was legally owned by Hungary, but administered by both Croatia and Hungary.
The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was ruled by the emperor of Austria, who bore the title King of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia and was confirmed by the State Sabor (Parliament of Croatia-Slavonia or Croatian-Slavonian Diet) upon accession.See; Charles IV. Coronation diploma inaugurale issued to the Parliament of Croatia–Slavonia pursuant to §. 2. of the Settlement Zak. čl. III. : 1917. zajedničkog ugarsko-hrvatskog državnog sabora, kojim se kraljevska zavjernica, što ju je Njegovo Veličanstvo kralj izdao zemlji prije Svoje sretne posvete i krunisanja, te kraljevska zakletva, što ju je položio prigodom krunisanja, uvršćuju medju zakone države [Legal. Art. III. : 1917. of the Joint Hungarian–Croatian State Parliament, by which the coronation testament which His Majesty the King has given to the land before His happy consecration and crowning, and the royal oath which he placed upon the occasion of the crowning, are enshrined in the laws of the state], (in Croatian) "§. 1. Sveto i nepovredimo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugih obdržavati dati nasljedbu na kraljevski prestol, ustanovljenu u zakonskom članku 1. i 2. članku god. 1723.; - krunisanje koje se ima obaviti u smislu zakonskog članka 3. godine 1791.; - prava, ustav, zakonitu neodvisnost, slobodu i zemljišnu cjelovitost Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, a isto tako cjelokupnost i zemaljski ustav kraljevina Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije, koje s kraljevinom Ugarskom sačinjavaju jednu te istu državnu zajednicu. Sveto i strogo obdržavat ćemo, a kraljevskom Našom moći i po drugima obdržavati dati zakonito postojeće sloboštine, povlastice, zakonske običaje i dosad po saborima stvorene i po slavnim Našim predjima, krunisanim Ugarske Kraljevima posvećene, kakono i one, što će i odsada po saborima stvoriti i po Nama kao krunjenom Kralju ugarskom posvetiti zakone Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije u svih njihovih točkama, člancima i zaporkama tako, kako što će njihov smisao i uporaba zajedničkim suglasjem kralja i sabora ustanovljeni biti; izuzevši ipak dokinutu onu zaporku zakona blagopopokojnoga Andrije II. od god. 1222., počevši od riječi: "Quodsi vero nos" sve do onih riječi "in perpetuam facultatem". Za obezbjedjenje svega toga služit će i ona kraljevska zakletva Naša, što ćemo ju po sadržaja ove Naše kraljevske zavjernice na osnovu riječi krunidbene zakletve slavnoga Nam predšastnika Ferdinanda I. prigodom krunisanja Našega položiti. ... §. 3. Sve one strane i pripadnosti Ugarske te Hrvatske, Slavonije i Dalmacije što su već natrag stečene, pa i one, što će božjom pomoćju odsele biti natrag pribavljene, pripojit ćemo u smislu krunitbene Naše zakletve rečenim kraljevinama." Krunidbena zavjernica Karla IV. Zbornik zakona i naredaba valjanih za Kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju, kom. V. str. 101-105., Zagreb 1917. The King's appointed steward was the Ban of Croatia and Slavonia. On 21 October 1918, Emperor Karl I, known as King Karlo IV in Croatia, issued a Trialist manifest, which was ratified by the Hungarian side on the next day and which unified all Croatian Crown Lands.Budisavljević Srđan, Stvaranje Države SHS, (Creation of the state of SHS), Zagreb, 1958, pp. 132–133. One week later, on 29 October 1918, the Croatian State Sabor proclaimed an independent kingdom which entered the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.
Name
The kingdom used the formal title of the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia, thereby pressing its claim on the Kingdom of Dalmatia. But Dalmatia was a Kronland within the imperial Austrian part of Austria-Hungary (also known as Cisleithania). The claim was, for most of the time, supported by the Hungarian government, which backed Croatia–Slavonia in an effort to increase its share of the dual state. The union between the two primarily Croatian lands of Austria-Hungary never took place, however. According to the Article 53 of the Croatian–Hungarian Agreement, governing Croatia's political status in the Hungarian-ruled part of Austria-Hungary, the ban's official title was "Ban of Kingdom of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia".Zakonski članak o nagodbi, koju s jedne strane kraljevina Ugarska, sjedinjena s Erdeljem, s druge strane kraljevine Hrvatska i Slavonija sklopiše za izravnanje postojavših izmedju njih državnopravnih pitanjah. [Legal Article on the settlement that, on the one side, the Kingdom of Hungary, united with Erdély, on the other side the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia have concluded to settle the existing between them constitutional issues], (in Croatian) " §. 53. Banu gradjanskoga stališta bit će i od sada naslov: "Ban kraljevinah Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije" i časti banskoj pripadati će sva ona prijašnja preimućtva i dostojanstva, koja se slažu s njegovim položajem. Po tome i nadalje ostaje članom kuće velikašah zajedničkoga sabora.[§. 53. The Ban of the civil status will be and from now on titled: "Ban of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia" and dignity of the Ban will keep all previous precedences and honours, which are in accordance with its position. For this reason, he remains a member of the House of Magnates of the Joint Parliament.]", Sbornik zakona i naredabah valjanih za kraljevine Hrvatsku i Slavoniju za god. 1868. (Komad I.-VI., br. 1.-19.) p. 122., Retrieved 2018-09-27The Hungaro–Croatian Compromise Hungarian version of the Settlement has a different order of the Ban's title 1868. évi XXX. törvénycikk a Magyarország, s Horvát-, Szlavon és Dalmátországok közt fenforgott közjogi kérdések kiegyenlítése iránt létrejött egyezmény beczikkelyezéséről (in Hungarian) "53. § A polgári állásu bán ezután is Horvát-, Szlavon- és Dalmátországok bánja czimmel él, s a báni hivatal mindazon előjogait és méltóságait élvezi, a melyek uj állásával összeférnek. Ennélfogva ezután is tagja marad a közös országgyülés főrendi házának.", Magyar joganyagok - 1868. évi XXX. törvénycikk, Retrieved 2018-09-28 Not only would different parts of the Monarchy at the same time use different styles of the titles, but even the same institutions would at the same time use different naming standards for the same institution. For instance, when the Imperial and Royal Court in Vienna would list the Croatian Ban as one of the Great Officers of State in the Kingdom of Hungary (Barones Regni),Court and state guide issued by the Imperial and Royal Court, for the year 1878. Hof- und Staats-handbuch der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarhie für 1878. (in German), Königreich Ungarn und die damit verbundenen Theile, " Barones Regni (Bannerherren) .. Regnorum Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae Banus (Ban von Croatien, Dalmatien und Slavonien) ", Druck und Verlag der Kaiserlich-Ko̲niglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, p. 691., Retrieved 2018-09-28 the style used would be Regnorum Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae Banus, but when the Court would list the highest officials of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia, the title would be styled as "Ban of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia" (putting Slavonia before Dalmatia and omitting "Kingdom").Court and state guide issued by the Imperial and Royal Court, for the year 1878. Hof- und Staats-handbuch der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarhie für 1878. (in German), Königreich Croatien und Slavonien nebst der croatisch–slavonischen Militärgrenze, " Ban von Croatien, Slavonien und Dalmatien", Druck und Verlag der Kaiserlich-Ko̲niglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, p. 887., Retrieved 2018-09-28 The laws passed in Croatia–Slavonia used the phrase "Kingdom of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia".
In Hungarian, Croatia is referred to as Horvátország and Slavonia as Szlavónia. The combined polity was known by the official name of Horvát-Szlavón Királyság. The short form of the name was Horvát-Szlavónország and, less frequently Horvát-Tótország.A Magyar Sz. Korona országai Magyarország, Horvát-Tótország és a Katonai Őrvidék új térképe Magyarország (map), 1877. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
The order of mentioning Dalmatia was a contentious issue, as it was ordered differently in the Croatian- and Hungarian-language versions of the 1868 Settlement.Mikuláš Teich, Roy Porter, The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, 1993, p. 284
History