Mederos is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Manuel de Mederos (1539–1613), Portuguese explorer Rene Mederos (1933–1996), Cuban artist Rodolfo Mederos (born 1940), Argentine musician Rogel Lazaro Aguilera-Mederos, a truck driver responsible for the 2019 Lakewood semi-truck crash Víctor Mederos (born 2001), Cuban baseball player
See also Medeiros (disambiguation), the Portuguese-language variant Medero