Gaetano Martino (25 November 1900 – 21 July 1967) was an Italian politician, physician, and university teacher.
Early life and medicine Gaetano Martino was born in 1900 in Messina, Sicily, son of its Mayor Antonino Martino. He graduated in medicine from the Sapienza University of Rome in 1923. He worked as physician for Saint-Antoine Hospital in Paris. In 1934, he became a teacher at the University of Messina and later was also dean of the university from 1943 to 1954. From 1966 to 1967, Martino was also dean of the Sapienza University of Rome.
Political career
Foreign minister
Martino was a prominent Liberal politician. He was elected in 1948 to the Chamber of Deputies, becoming briefly Minister of Public Education in 1954 under Christian Democrat Mario Scelba. Later that year, Martino became Minister of Foreign Affairs after replacing Attilio Piccioni, who was involved in the Montesi Affair. Martino maintained this Ministry during Antonio Segni's Cabinet (1954–1957), but was finally removed from office by new Prime Minister Adone Zoli.
As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martino promoted closer European integration and internationalism, first with the Messina Conference in 1955. In 1956, he facilitated Italian entry to the United Nations. In that same year Martino, along with Halvard Lange from Norway and Lester Pearson from Canada, became a "sage" of NATO, promoting its involvement in civil areas. Martino also attended the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which established the European Economic Community.
The "Armoire of Shame"
In 1956, the newspaper la Repubblica published an article in which Martino said that investigations on German war crimes in Italy during World War II would have a negative impact on West Germany's integration into Europe. In 1994, with the discovery at a military base of an armoire containing secret documents on Nazi war crimes in Italy, nicknamed the "Armoire of Shame" ("Armadio della Vergogna"), it emerged that Martino had blocked investigations into these crimes to avoid German isolation during the Cold War.
Later life For his role in promoting European integration, Martino was elected President of the European Parliament in 1962. He also continued to serve as Deputy in the Italian Chamber until his death in July 1967.
Electoral history ElectionHouseConstituencyPartyVotesResult 1946 Constituent Assembly Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna UDN 30,332 1948 Chamber of Deputies Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna BN 28,464 Elected 1953 Chamber of Deputies Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna PLI 40,671 Elected 1958 Chamber of Deputies Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna PLI 55,475 Elected 1963 Chamber of Deputies Catania–Messina–Ragusa–Enna PLI 61,627 Elected
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