This list of mammals of India comprises all the mammal species alive in India today. Some of them are common to the point of being considered vermin while others are exceedingly rare. Many species are known from just a few zoological specimens in museums collected in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many of the carnivores and larger mammals are restricted in their distribution to forests in protected areas, while others live within cities in the close proximity of humans. They range in size from the Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) to the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They include nocturnal small mammals endemic to India such as the Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina). While the status of many of these species is unknown, some are definitely extinct. Populations of many carnivores are threatened. The tiger (Panthera tigris), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina) are some of the most endangered carnivore species. Two rhinoceros species are extinct within the Indian region, but the remaining species, the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) has its last stronghold within India.
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs Indian long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus collaris) Brandt's hedgehog (Hemiechinus hypomelas) Indian hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus) Madras hedgehog (Paraechinus nudiventris) endemic
Family Talpidae: moles White-tailed mole (Parascaptor leucura) Himalayan mole (Euroscaptor micrura)
Family Soricidae: shrews
Soricinae Chinese mole shrew (Anourosorex squamipes) Himalayan water shrew (Chimarrogale himalayica) Elegant water shrew (Nectogale elegans) Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) Kashmir pygmy shrew (Sorex planiceps) Hodgson's brown-toothed shrew (Soriculus caudatus) Long-tailed brown-toothed shrew (Soriculus leucops) Long-tailed mountain shrew (Soriculus macrurus) Himalayan shrew (Soriculus nigrescens)
Crocidurinae Andaman shrew (Crocidura andamanensis) Asian grey shrew (Crocidura attenuata) Southeast Asian shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa) Andaman spiny shrew (Crocidura hispida) Horsfield's shrew (Crocidura horsfieldii) Jenkins's shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi) Bicolored shrew (Crocidura leucodon) Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica) Pale grey shrew (Crocidura pergrisea) Kashmir white-toothed shrew (Crocidura pullata) Sonnerat's shrew (Diplomesodon sonnerati) Kelaart's long-clawed shrew (Feroculus feroculus) Day's shrew (Suncus dayi) (endemic) Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus) Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) Anderson's shrew (Suncus stoliczkanus)
Order: Scandentia
Family Tupaiidae: treeshrews
Tupaiinae Madras treeshrew (Anathana ellioti) Northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri) Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica)
Order: Chiroptera: bats
Family Pteropodidae: fruit bats Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) Greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) Lesser dawn bat (Eonycteris spelaea) Cave nectar bat (Latidens salimalii) Long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus sobrinus) Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (Megaerops niphanae) Nicobar flying fox (Pteropus faunulus) Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) Small flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) Black-eared flying fox (Pteropus melanotus) Large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) Leschenault's rousette (Rousettus leschenaulti) Blanford's fruit bat (Sphaerias blanfordi)
Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats Lesser mouse-tailed bat (Rhinopoma hardwickii) Greater mouse-tailed bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum)
Family Emballonuridae: sheath-tailed bats Long-winged tomb bat (Taphozous longimanus) Black-bearded tomb bat (Taphozous melanopogon) Naked-rumped tomb bat (Taphozous nudiventris) Egyptian tomb bat (Taphozous perforatus) Naked-rumped pouched bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus) Theobald's tomb bat (Taphozous theobaldi)
Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats Greater false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra) Lesser false vampire bat (Megaderma spasma)
Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats Intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis) Homfray's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis) Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus beddomei) Andaman horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus cognatus) Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) Rhinolophus indorouxii Blyth's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus lepidus) Big-eared horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus macrotis) Woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus luctus) Mitred horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus mitratus) endemic to Bihar Pearson's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii) Northern woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus perniger) Least horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pusillus ) Rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxi) Shortridge's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei) Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus) Little Nepalese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus subbadius) Trefoil horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) Dobson's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus yunanensis)
Family Hipposideridae: leaf-nosed bats trident leaf-nosed bat (Asellia tridens) East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat (Coelops frithii) Great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger) Dusky leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros ater) Ashy roundleaf bat (Hipposideros cineraceus) Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros durgadasi) Diadem leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros diadema) Fulvus roundleaf bat (Hipposideros fulvus) Cantor's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros galeritus) Indian roundleaf bat (Hipposideros lankadiva) Intermediate roundleaf bat (Hipposideros larvatus) Pomona roundleaf bat (Hipposideros pomona) Indian roundleaf bat (Hipposideros schistaceus) Schneider's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros speoris)
Family Vespertilionidae: evening bats Asian barbastelle (Barbastella leucomelas) Northern bat (Eptesicus nilssoni) endemic to Kashmir Gobi big brown bat (Eptesicus gobiensis) Thick-eared bat (Eptesicus pachyotis) Serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) Sombre bat (Eptesicus tatei) Tickell's bat (Hesperoptenus tickelli) Blanford's bat (Hesperoptenus blanfordi) Great evening bat (Ia io) Hairy-faced bat (Myotis annectans) Lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythii) Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii) Hodgson's bat (Myotis formosus) Lesser large-footed bat (Myotis hasseltii) Horsfield's bat (Myotis horsfieldii) Kashmir cave bat (Myotis longipes) Burmese whiskered bat (Myotis montivagus) Wall-roosting mouse-eared bat (Myotis muricola) Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus) Peshwa bat (Myotis peshwa) Khajuria, H. (1977). "Extension of distributional ranges of some rare South Indian Bats". Cheetal. 19 (2&3): 16-20. Mandelli's mouse-eared bat (Myotis sicarius) Himalayan whiskered bat (Myotis siligorensis) Lesser noctule (Nyctalus leisleri) Mountain noctule (Nyctalus montanus) Common noctule (Nyctalus noctula) Desert long-eared bat (Otonycteris hemprichii) Dormer's bat (Scotozous dormeri) Chocolate pipistrelle (Pipistrellus affinis) Cadorna's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus cadornae) Kelaart's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus ceylonicus) Indian pipistrelle (Pipistrellus coromandra) Java pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus) Kuhl's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) Mount Popa pipistrelle (Pipistrellus paterculus) Common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) Savi's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus savii) Least pipistrelle (Pipistrellus tenuis) Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus) Desert yellow bat (Scotoecus pallidus) Harlequin bat (Scotomanes ornatus) Greater Asiatic yellow bat (Scotophilus heathii) Lesser Asiatic yellow bat (Scotophilus kuhlii) Lesser bamboo bat (Tylonycteris pachypus) Parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) Small bent-winged bat (Miniopterus pusillus) Common bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) Lesser hairy-winged bat (Harpiocephalus harpia) Round-eared tube-nosed bat (Murina cyclotis) Peters's tube-nosed bat (Murina grisea) Hutton's tube-nosed bat (Murina huttoni) Greater tube-nosed bat (Murina leucogaster) Scully's tube-nosed bat (Murina tubinaris) Little tube-nosed bat (Murina aurata) Rainforest tube-nosed bat (Murina pluvialis) Jaintia tube-nosed bat (Murina jaintiana) Hardwicke's woolly bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) Papillose woolly bat (Kerivoula papillosa) Painted bat (Kerivoula picta)
Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats Wroughton's free-tailed bat (Otomops wroughtoni) Egyptian free-tailed bat (Tadarida aegyptiaca) European free-tailed bat (Tadarida teniotis) Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus)
Order: Primates
Family Lorisidae: lorises Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) Gray slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus)
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosa) Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Arunachal macaque (Macaca munzala) Sinha, A.; Datta, A.; Madhusudan, M. D.; & Mishra, C. (2005). "The Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (4): 977-989. Northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) White-cheeked macaque (Macaca leucogenys) Nepal grey langur (Semnopithecus schistaceus) Tarai grey langur (Semnopithecus hector) Kashmir grey langur (Semnopithecus ajax) Northern plains grey langur (Semnopithecus entellus) Southern plains grey langur (Semnopithecus dussumieri) Black-footed grey langur (Semnopithecus hypoleucos) Tufted grey langur (Semnopithecus priam) Capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) Phayre's leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii) Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei)
Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons) Earlier classified as a single species, the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) has been reclassified as follows: Western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) Eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys)
Order: Carnivora: Carnivorans Family Canidae: canines/dogs
Golden jackal (Canis aureus) Wolf (Canis lupus) Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco) Dhole (Cuon alpinus) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Bengal fox (Vulpes bengalensis) Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata)
Family Felidae: cats
Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) Caracal (Caracal caracal) Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) reintroduction in progress Southeast African cheetah (A. j. jubatus) introduction in progress Jungle cat (Felis chaus) Asiatic wildcat (Felis lybica ornata) Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) Asiatic lion (Panthera leo leo) Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) Fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrina)
Family Viverridae: civets and palm civets
Large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha) Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina) Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) Binturong (Arctitis binturong) Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) Brown palm civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni) Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata)
Family Prionodontidae: Asiatic linsangs Spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor)
Family Ursidae: bears
Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) Tibetan blue bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger)
Family Ailuridae: red pandas Red panda, A. fulgens