Amendeuix-Oneix (; ; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Amendüztar.Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place-names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque Language
Geography
Amendeuix-Oneix is located some 50 km east by southeast of Bayonne and 40 km south-west of Orthez in the Mixe country in the former Basque province of Lower Navarre. The village can be accessed by the D124 road from Garris in the west passing northeast to the village then continuing north to join the D29. The D11 road also passes through the south of the commune from Garris to Saint-Palais. The small D511 road links the D11 to the D124 within the commune.Google Maps
Hydrography Located in the Drainage divide of the Adour, the northern part of the eastern border of the commune is the Bidouze which flows north to join the Adour west of Peyrehorade. The southern part of the eastern border consists of the Joyeuse with many tributaries rising in the commune including the Algueruko erreka, the Sallarteko erreka, and the Soubiaga erreka. The Aitzeguerris rises just south of the village and flows into the Bidouze.
Localities and hamlets
Amendeuix Arkausia Arlania Arrosteguia Autrichia Berhabia Bidainia Bordaberria Candelenia Errecartia Etcheberria Etchetto Eyheraetcheberry Gaponteguia Goitia Guillenteguia Hiriberry Inchaursague Iribarnia Jauberria Jauhenia Landaçaharia Larregoyen Lauhiteya Mantunia Oneix Oyhamburia Peco-Berthoua Postateya Sabrenia Salla Vivienborda
Géoportail, IGN
Toponymy The current Basque name is Amendüze-Unaso.Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language Jean-Baptiste Orpustan suggested that Oneix means the 'place of abundant hills'. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval however suggested that Oneix came from the Basque Unanu which means the Asphodelus (plant) and signifies a "place where the asphodelus is abundant. She also suggested that the origin of Amendeuix was Aquitane-Roman to designate a noble domain.
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description Amendeuix Sanctus Joannes de Mindus 1160 Orpustan Village Amindux 1316 Orpustan Aminduch 1350 Orpustan Aminduz 1413 Orpustan Mendux 1413 Orpustan Sent-Johan de Mendux 1472 Raymond Notaries Armendux 1513 Raymond Pamplona Amenduxs 1600 Raymond Pau Amendux 1621 Raymond Biscay Oneix Sanctus Petrus de Onas 1160 Orpustan Village Onnaçu 1249 Orpustan Oneyx 1316 Orpustan Honeis 1350 Orpustan Onasso 1394 Orpustan Onex 1472 Raymond Notaries Onecx 1513 Raymond Pamplona Oniz 1621 Raymond Biscay Onazo 1863 Raymond Basque Hiriberry Hiriberry 1863 Raymond Hamlet Jauréguy Jauréguy 1863 Raymond Fief, Vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre Lanevieille La noble salle de Lanevielhe d'Amenduxs 1600 Raymond Pau Fief, Vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre Lanavieja 1621 Raymond Biscay Lanevieille 1863 Raymond Salla La Salle 1863 Raymond Fief, Vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre
Sources: Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque ToponymyJean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, 246 pages, Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750Cassini Map 1750 – Amendeuix-Oneix
Origins: Notaries: Notaries of Labastide-VillefrancheDepartmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pamplona: Titles of PamplonaTitles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda Pau: Titles of the Chamber of the Counts of PauTitles of the Chamber of the Counts of Pau in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Biscay: Martin BiscayDerecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla, 1622
History In the 16th century (1594), evidence of witchcraft was reported by an admonition to the States of Navarre by the Prosecutor of Mixe (together with those of Arberoue, Ostabaret, Irissarry, Ossès, Baigorri, and La Bastide-Clairence), who complained of a lack of prosecution and requesting that each town or district of Lower Navarre elect "two men of good character who are not suspects to find and punish the perpetrators of these crimes of witchcraft, apostasy, and magic: to be joined with the people of Roy and all at the expense of those convicted or, in case of insolvency, to those countries and places which will be instructed". Part of this admonition followed a request from the inhabitants of Amendeuix dating from 1587 who claimed to have been victims of "spells that were manifested mainly by evil barking".Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, , p. 248.
The village of Oneix joined with Amendeuix to form the commune of Amendeuix-Oneix on 27 August 1846.
Heraldry
Administration
List of Successive MayorsList of Mayors of France From To Name 1837 1846 Jean Longy 1846 1848 Jean-Paul Larregoyen 1848 1871 Jean Longy 1871 1873 Franck d'Andurain 1873 1884 Gabriel Longy 1884 1885 Rémy Etcheto 1885 1909 Gabriel Longy 1909 1912 M Sabalette 1912 1938 Jean-Pierre Longy 1938 1945 Auguste de Castelbajac 1959 1974 Léon Longy 1995 2001 Arnaud Mandagaran 2001 2014 Armel Pierre Drouilhet 2014 2020 Arnaud Mandagaran 2020 2024 Jean-Marc Trenthomas 2024 2026 Stéphane Poisson
Inter-Communality The commune belongs to seven inter-communal structures: the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque the AEP Association for Mixe country the sanitation association for Saint-Palais - Luxe-Sumberraute the association for school buses of Amendeuix-Oneix and Gabat the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques; the inter-communal association for the operation of schools in Amikuze the association supports Basque culture
Demography In 1350 nine fires were reported in Oneix and 15-18 in Amendeuix.Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, Collective work, Amikuze-Mixe Country, Éditions Izpegi, 1992, , p. 77
The fiscal census of 1412-1413,Census cited by Manex Goyhenetche in General History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, , p. 26. . The same work by Manex Goyhenetche indicated on page 284 that there was an average of 5.5 people per fire. madeTranscribed and published by Ricardo Cierbide, Censos de población de la Baja Navarra, Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 1993 on the orders of Charles III of Navarre, compared with that of 1551 men and weapons that are in this kingdom of Navarre this side of the ports,Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E 575, transcribed by Louis Baratchart in The Friends of Old Navarre, January 1995, pages 44-54 reveals a demography with strong growth. The first census indicated the presence of 13 fires in Amendeuix with the second showing 40 (33 + 7 secondary fires). The same census reported 8 fires in Oneix in 1412-1413 against 17 (14 + 3 secondary fires) in 1551.
The census of the population of Lower Navarre in 1695Bibliothèque nationale, 6956, Moreau Register 979, cited by Manex Goyhenetche in General History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, , page 299 counted 63 fires at Amendeuix and 20 at Oneix.
The population data given in the table and graph below include the former commune of Oneix.
Economy The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.
Culture and Heritage
Languages According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces published in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the dialect of Basque spoken in Amendeuix-Oneix is eastern low Navarrese.
Religious heritage
Two churches in the commune are registered as historical monuments: The Church of Saint Peter (1787)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée at Oneix. The Church of Saint John the Baptist (1903)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée at Amendeuix.
Amenities
Education The commune has a kindergarten.
Amendeuix, Gabat, Ilharre, and Labets-Biscay have partnered to create an inter-educational grouping (RPIRPI website ).
See also Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
References
External links in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) Amenduix and Oneix on the 1750 Cassini Map