The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, were a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines, from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm SectionPercy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore
Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.
Marketing
Logo The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The logo features a Vinta, a traditional outrigger boat in the island of Mindanao. It also features the six-ring chain, the logo of the Southeast Asian Games Federations. It represents the six founding countries.
Mascot The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.
Theme Song The theme song, "Nine Countries Under An Asian Sun", was composed by Sammy Climaco with the Lyrics written by Alex Arrellano.
Development and preparation
Venues
Venue SportsRizal Memorial Sports Complex Rizal Memorial Stadium Athletics, Football, Ceremonies Ninoy Aquino Stadium Volleyball, Wushu Rizal Memorial Coliseum Taekwondo Rizal Memorial Swimming Pool Aquatics Rizal Memorial Tennis Center Tennis Sports Medicine Building Billiards and snookerMetro Manila Venues Amoranto Velodrome Cycling (track) Araneta Coliseum Basketball Ateneo Gymnasium Sepak takraw Camp Crame Gymnasium Badminton Philippine Marine Corps Range Shooting Green Valley Country Club Bowling Makati Sports Club Squash Manila Polo Club Archery Manila Yacht Club Sailing Philippine Village Hotel Bodybuilding Rosario Sports Complex Softball Folk Arts Theater Boxing ULTRA Karate, Table Tennis UP Gymnasium Weightlifting Valle Verde Country Club FencingRizal Province Antipolo Cycling (road race) Valley Golf and Country Club Golf
The Games Participating nations
(Host)
Sports
Medal table
Key
Concerns and controversies
Reduction of gold medals The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.
Main official host television broadcasting CountryOfficial broadcastersTelevision broadcastRadio Television BruneiRTB 5 RTB 8Televisi Republik IndonesiaTVRIRadio Televisyen MalaysiaRTM TV1ABS-CBN People's Television Network Radio Philippines Network Intercontinental Broadcasting CorporationABS-CBN 2 PTV 4 New Vision 9 Islands TV 13Singapore Broadcasting CorporationSBC 12Television Pool of ThailandVietnam TelevisionVTV1
See also 2005 SEA Games 2019 SEA Games
References
External links
History of the SEA Games