Phlegmariurus is a genus of lycophyte plants in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources, which keep it in a broadly defined Huperzia.
Taxonomy The genus was first described in 1909 by Wilhelm Herter as the section Phlegmariurus of the genus Lycopodium. The section was elevated to a genus by Josef Ludwig Holub in 1964.
Within the family Lycopodiaceae, Phlegmariurus is placed in the subfamily Huperzioideae. A phylogenetic study in 2016, employing both molecular and morphological data, concluded that either a one-genus or a three-genus division of the subfamily produced monophyletic taxa. The authors preferred the three-genus division, recognizing Huperzia, Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum. Their preferred hypothesis for the relationships of the three genera was:
The majority of the species formerly placed in a broadly defined Huperzia belong in Phlegmariurus. However, the genera are difficult to separate morphologically, and others have preferred the one-genus division of the subfamily.
Species , the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted over 300 species:
Phlegmariurus acerosus (Sw.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus acifolius (Rolleri) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus acutus (Rolleri) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus affinis (Trevis.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus afromontanus Pic. Serm. Phlegmariurus ambrensis (Rakotondr.) A.R.Field & Bauret Phlegmariurus amentaceus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus andinus (Rosenst.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus aqualupianus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus arcuatus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus aristei (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus ascendens (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus attenuatus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus australis (Willd.) A.R.Field Phlegmariurus austroecuadoricus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus austrosinicus (Ching) Li Bing Zhang Phlegmariurus axillaris (Roxb.) comb. ined., currently Huperzia axillaris (Roxb.) Rothm. Phlegmariurus badinianus (B.Øllg. & P.G.Windisch) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus balansae (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus bampsianus (Pic. Serm.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus banayanicus (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus beitelii (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus biformis (Hook.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus billardierei (Spring) Trevis. Phlegmariurus binervius (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus bolanicus (Rosenst.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus brachiatus (Maxon) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus brachystachys (Baker) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus bradeorum (Christ) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus brevifolius (Hook. & Grev.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus brongniartii (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus callitrichifolius (Mett.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus campianus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cancellatus (Spring) Ching Phlegmariurus capellae (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus capillaris (Sodiro) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus carinatus (Poir.) Ching Phlegmariurus catacachiensis (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cavifolius (C.Chr.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus chamaeleon (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus changii T.Y.Hsieh Phlegmariurus chiricanus (Maxon) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus christii (Silveira) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus ciliatospiculatus B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus ciliolatus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cleefianus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cocouyensis B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus colanensis (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus columnaris (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus comans (Herter ex Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus compactus (Hook.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus copelandianus (R.C.Y.Chou & Bartlett) A.R.Field Phlegmariurus coralium (Spring) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus crassus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus creber (Alderw.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus crucis-australis (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cruentus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cryptomerinus (Maxim.) Satou Phlegmariurus cuernavacensis (Underw. & F.E.Lloyd) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cumingii (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cuneifolius (Hieron.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus cunninghamioides (Hayata) Ching Phlegmariurus curiosus (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus curvifolius (Kunze) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus dacrydioides (Baker) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus dalhousieanus (Spring) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus darwinianus (Herter ex Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus delbrueckii (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus deminuens (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus dentatus (Herter) Arana Phlegmariurus dianae (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus dichaeoides (Maxon) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus dichotomus (Jacq.) W.H.Wagner Phlegmariurus dielsii (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus divergens (Alderw.) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus durus (Pic. Serm.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus echinatus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus ellenbeckii (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus elmeri (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus elongatus (Lag ex Sw.), comb. ined., currently Lycopodium elongatum Lag ex Sw. Phlegmariurus engleri (Hieron. & Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus eremorum (Rolleri) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus ericifolius (C.Presl) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus erythrocaulos (Fée) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus espinosanus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus eversus (Poir.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus fargesii (Herter) Ching Phlegmariurus filicaulos (Copel.) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus filiformis (Sw.) W.H.Wagner Phlegmariurus firmus (Mett.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus flagellaceus (Kuhn) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus flexibilis (Fée) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus foliaceus (Maxon) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus foliosus (Copel.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus fontinaloides (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus fordii (Baker) Ching Phlegmariurus friburgensis (Herter ex Nessel & Hoehne) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus funiculus (Herter) comb. ined., currently Huperzia funicula (Herter) J.P.Roux Phlegmariurus funiformis (Cham. ex Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus gagnepainianus (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus galapagensis (O.J.Hamann) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus giganteus (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus gnidioides (L. fil.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus goebelii (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus gracilis A.Rojas & R.Calderón Phlegmariurus guandongensis Ching Phlegmariurus gunturensis (Alderw.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus haeckelii (Herter) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus haitensis (Herter) comb. ined., currently Huperzia haitensis (Herter) Holub Phlegmariurus hamiltonii (Spreng.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Phlegmariurus harmsii (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus hartwegianus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hastatus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hellwigii (Warb.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus hemleri (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus henryi (Baker) Ching Phlegmariurus heterocarpos (Fée) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus heteroclitus (Desv. ex Poir.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hexastichus (B.Øllg. & P.G.Windisch) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hildebrandtii (Herter) A.R.Field & Bauret Phlegmariurus hippurideus (Christ) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hippuris (Desv. ex Poir.) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus hoffmannii (Maxon) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hohenackeri (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus holstii (Hieron.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus homocarpus (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus horizontalis (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus huberi (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hugoi B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus humbertii (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus humbertii-henrici (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus hypogaeus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus hystrix (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus idroboi B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus iminii Kiew Phlegmariurus intermedius (Trevis.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus itambensis (B.Øllg. & P.G.Windisch) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus jaegeri (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus josesantae B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus kajewskii (Copel.) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus killipii (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus kuesteri (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus lancifolius (Maxon) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus lauterbachii (E.Pritz. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus lecomteanus (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus ledermannii (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus lehnertii Testo Phlegmariurus lignosus (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus lindenii (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus linifolius (L.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus llanganatensis (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus lockyeri (D.Jones & B.Gray) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus loefgrenianus (Silveira) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus longus (Copel.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus loxensis (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus luteynii B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus macbridei (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus macgregorii (Baker) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus macrostachys (Hook. ex Spring) N.C.Nair & S.R.Ghosh Phlegmariurus magnusianus (Herter) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus mandiocanus (Raddi) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus mannii (Hillebr.) W.H.Wagner Phlegmariurus marsupiiformis (D.Jones & B.Gray) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus martii (Wawra) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus megastachyus (Baker) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus melanesicus (Brownlie) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus merrillii (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus mesoamericanus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus mexicanus (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus mildbraedii (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching Phlegmariurus minutifolius (Alderw.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus mirabilis (Willd.) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus mollicomus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus monticola Kiew Phlegmariurus mooreanus (Sander ex Baker) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus multifarius (Alderw.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus myrsinites (Lam.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus myrtifolius (G.Forst.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus myrtuosus (Spring) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus neocaledonicus (Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus nesselii (Brause ex Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus niligaricus (Spring) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus nudus (Christ ex Nessel & Hoehne) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus nummularifolius (Blume) Ching Phlegmariurus nutans (Brack.) W.H.Wagner Phlegmariurus nyalamensis (Ching & S.K.Wu) H.S.Kung & L.B.Zhang Phlegmariurus obovalifolius (Bonap.) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus obtusifolius (P.Beauv.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus ocananus (Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus oceanianus (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus oellgaardii (A.Rojas) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus oltmannsii (Herter ex Nessel) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus ophioglossoides (Lam.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus orizabae (Underw. & F.E.Lloyd) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus ovatifolius (Ching) W.M.Chu ex H.S.Kung & Li Bing Zhang Phlegmariurus pachyphyllus (Kuhn ex Herter) A.R.Field & Testo Phlegmariurus pachyskelos B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus parksii (Copel.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus patentissimus (Alderw.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus pecten (Baker) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus perrierianus (Tardieu) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus pflanzii (Nessel) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus phlegmaria (L.) Holub Phlegmariurus phlegmarioides (Gaudich.) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus phylicifolius (Desv. ex Poir.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus phyllanthus (Hook. & Arn.) R.D.Dixit Phlegmariurus picardae (Krug) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus pichianus (Tardieu) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus pinifolius (Trevis.) Kiew Phlegmariurus pithyoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus pittieri (Christ) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus podocarpensis B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus polycarpos (Kunze) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus polycladus (Sodiro) comb. ined., currently Huperzia polyclada (Sodiro) Rolleri & Deferrari Phlegmariurus polydactylus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus polylepidetorum (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus portoricensis (Underw. & F.E.Lloyd) comb. ined., currently Lycopodium portoricense Underw. & F.E.Lloyd Phlegmariurus pringlei (Underw. & F.E.Lloyd) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus proliferus (Blume) A.R.Field & Bostock Phlegmariurus pruinosus (Hieron. & Herter) B.Øllg. Phlegmariurus pseudovarius (Brownlie) Rouhan & A.R.Field Phlegmariurus pulcherrimus (Hook. & Grev.) Á. & D.Löve