Best Start, formerly known as Sure Start (named Flying Start in Wales) is a UK Government area-based initiative, announced in 1998 by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, applying primarily in England with slightly different versions in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.Sure Start Case Study for Economic and Social Research Council, 2010 It introduced a network of children's centres and other services to support local families with children under 5, including "health services, parenting support, early learning and childcare, and parental employment support". The initiative originated from HM Treasury, with the aim of "giving children the best possible start in life" through improvement of childcare, early education, health and family support, with an emphasis on outreach and community development.
Launched in 1998 by Tessa Jowell, Sure Start had similarities to the much older, and similarly named, Head Start programme in the United States and is also comparable to Australia Head StartA Head Start for Australia: An Early Years Framework NSW Commission for Children and Young People, 26 February 2004 and Ontario's Early Years Plan. The initiatives were subsequently bound together to form Sure Start Children's Centres, and responsibility for them was transferred to local government. Jowell subsequently commented in 2015, "I am very proud of setting up Sure Start, because the first three years of a child's life are absolutely critical in determining the chances they have subsequently."
The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) project ran from 2001 until 2012. Initial research findings from NESS, published in 2005, suggested the impact of (the then termed) Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) was not as great as had been hoped.Shaky Times for Sure Start The Guardian, 13 September 2005 However, by 2010, NESS could identify a significant impact on some of the outcomes set for Sure Start.The Impact of Sure Start Local Programmes on five-year-olds and their families National Evaluation of Sure Start team, November 2010
The Evaluation of Children's Centres in England (ECCE) project ran from 2009 until 2015. Results concerning the impact of (the subsequently termed) Sure Start Children's Centres (SSCCs) concluded that, "Children's Centres set up to support parents of young children can improve the mental health of mothers and functioning of families but that these benefits are being eroded by cuts."
In 2019, a study conducted by the Institute for Fiscal Studies concluded that Sure Start reduced the numbers of people taken to hospital, and saved millions of pounds for the National Health Service. Gordon Brown and other senior New Labour figures called for a "new Sure Start" in 2024 after a further IFS study on the programme's educational impacts found that "children who lived within a short distance (2.5 kilometres) of a Sure Start centre for their first five years performed 0.8 grades better in their GCSEs". Then-Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves refused to commit to expanding Sure Start in response to the report.
In 2024, the Conservative Government opened 400 new family hubs across 75 local authorities, which offer a wider range of services than previous Sure Start centres. In 2025, Sure Start was rebranded as Best Start and relaunched by the Labour Government of Keir Starmer, which announced an expansion of Best Start family hubs to cover every local authority in England, with £500 million allocated to create Best Start Services including Best Start Hubs. The plans aim for a total of 1,000 hubs to be open by 2028.
History Initial arrangement Initial funding was substantial, with £540M allocated for expenditure between 1999 and 2002, £452M of it within England, to set up 250 Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) reaching up to 150,000 children in areas of deprivation.
The UK Government initially pledged to fund Sure Start for 10 years, but in 2003, Chancellor Gordon Brown announced the Government's long-term plan to transfer Sure Start into the control of local government by 2005, and create a Sure Start Children's Centre in every community.Moss P (2004) A new era for universal childcare? Childcare and Early Years Services in 2004. Setting the Scene: A Vision of Universal Children's Spaces. London: Daycare Trust.
Related to the Government's goal of reducing child poverty, the initial districts for Sure Start development were selected "according to the levels of deprivation within their areas"The 1998 Green Paper Department for Children, Schools and Families, 30 April 2009 the focus being particularly on disadvantaged areas but open to all families living in the catchment area. Such catchment areas were selected locally by the projects.
Sure Start was overseen by the Department for Children, Schools and Families and the Department for Work and Pensions. The programme has been described by Tony Blair as "one of New Labour's greatest achievements".
Each project was allowed to develop in its own way depending on the expressed wishes of parents and the guidance of the various organisations heading up each one. Policy on such matters as choosing volunteers and even the services offered were a local level decision.Early Years and childcare information for LAs Department for Children, Schools and Families, 28 May 2009
Sure Start local programmes were opened in waves, Round 1 indicates the first wave of programmes starting 1999. Round 6 represents the final wave of Sure Start local programmes mostly starting in 2003.Guidance resources – Every Child matters Department for Children, Schools and Families, 30 March 2006
Move from programmes to centres
Every Child Matters proposed a switch from Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) to Sure Start Children's Centres (SSCCs), which would be controlled by local authorities, and would be provided not just in the most disadvantaged areas. In the 2004 Comprehensive Spending Review, Chancellor Gordon Brown announced that the Government would provide funding for 2,500 Children's Centres by 2008.Daycare Trust 2004: A New Era For Universal Childcare? Leading the Vision Policy Paper No. 1 This target was later increased to 3,500 children's centres by 2010. Of the 524 original Sure Start local programmes, most are now Sure Start Children's Centres.
Some Sure Start Local Programmes have become registered Charities and Companies Limited by guarantee. Sure Start Hounslow, a programme in West London, became a company limited by guarantee in 2004 and now delivers a range of services, many through Service Level Agreement with the local authority, not all of which focus entirely on children under five. This development has been one of many routes that Sure Start Local Programmes have taken to ensure sustainability during the "tapering" of the original Sure Start Grant.
In 2005, Norman Glass, one of the original architects of Sure Start wrote an article praising the increased government focus on the early years, but criticising cuts in funding per head; the change from child development to childcare and getting mothers into work; and the shift back to local authority control, rather than being run by boards including parents.
Children's Centres are expected to provide: In centres in the 30% most disadvantaged areas: integrated early learning and childcare (early years provision) for a minimum of 10 hours a day, five days a week, 48 weeks a year; and support for a childminder network In centres in the 70% least disadvantaged areas, which do not elect to offer early years provision: drop-in activity sessions for children, such as stay and play sessions Family Support, including support and advice on parenting, information about services available in the area and access to specialist, targeted services; and Parental Outreach Child and Family Health Services, such as antenatal and postnatal support, information and guidance on breastfeeding, health and nutrition, smoking cessation support, and speech and language therapy and other specialist support Links with Jobcentre Plus to encourage and support parents and carers who wish to consider training and employment Quick and easy access to wider servicesGovernance guidance for Sure Start Children's Centres and extended schools Department for Education and Skills, 2007
Cut backs under the austerity programme
Cuts in general funding from central government to local authorities in England led to fears, in 2011, that up to 250 Sure Start centres would close.Closure threat to '250 children's centres' BBC News, 28 January 2011 The former Secretary of State for Education, Michael Gove, admitted that funding for Sure Start had not been protected,250 Sure Start centres 'could close within a year' The Telegraph, 28 January 2011 as most central funding of local authorities would no longer be ring-fenced. The decision would be left to local councils, though Children's Minister Sarah Teather said there was enough money available to maintain existing children's centres, should they wish.
A number of local councils announced cuts to their Sure Start budgets,Many children's centres 'under threat of closure' BBC News, 14 January 2011 and parents and mothers' groups protested against these cuts, taking their campaign directly to Downing Street.Mothers take Sure Start cuts fight to Downing Street BBC News, 3 April 2011 Many councils retreated. In February 2017, all 44 Sure Start children's centres in Oxfordshire were closed after High Court appeals against the measure failed.
Ministers said they wanted to refocus the scheme to help the most disadvantaged families.Parent threatens action over Sure Start closure plan BBC News, 24 March 2011 The government is now allowing parents to choose their own childcare provider, and to get part-funding provided via tax credits, rather than a centrally run service.
In 2017, a Briefing Paper for Parliament summarized the changes to Sure Start that had occurred under the 2015–2017 Conservative Government. Although "The Conservative Government did not make any significant operational or legislative changes to Sure Start during the 2015–2017 Parliament", "Arguably the most significant changes related to funding". The Briefing Paper notes that in real terms, spending in 2015–2016 was 47% less than in 2010–2011 with budgets for 2016–2017 showing a further planned reduction in spending. This Briefing Paper for MPs also reported a reduction of 208 Sure Start Children's Centre sites between 2015 and 2017.
A report in The Guardian stated that as many 1000 centres were closed between 2010 and 2018, and a study warned that "The study warns that Sure Start centres are at a "tipping point", with further drastic reductions on the way as local authority budgets continue to shrink. It says centres are struggling to "survive in an environment of declining resources and loss of strategic direction".
In 2018 an article in the Independent asserted a relation between the extensive closures and children starting schools with no skills.
By February 2020, 1,292 family centres had been shut since 2010. At their peak in 2009/10, there were 3,600 centres. The austerity reduced numbers by up to 85 per cent in some areas. In Staffordshire, 46 of 54 centres shut, while Oxfordshire lost 37 of its 45 centres.
By the end of March 2023, 1,168 (38%) children's centres had closed in England since government had first implemented austerity measures in 2010.
Move from children's centres to family hubs