Caillet is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Albert Caillet (1901–1925), French footballer César Caillet (born 1974), Chilean actor Françoise Landowski-Caillet (1917–2007), French pianist and painter Guillaume Caillet, a wealthy peasant who led the peasant Jacquerie in May 1358 Jean-Philippe Caillet (born 1977), former French footballer
See also Colbie Caillat (born 1985), American singer-songwriter Lucien Cailliet (1891–1985), French-American composer, conductor, arranger, and clarinetist. Caillet's murex, a species of sea snail