Rubas River

Rubas (),Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Coverage. Vol. 9: Transcaucasia and Dagestan. Issue 3: Dagestan / Ed. by P. P. Burtova. — Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1964. p. 76.Rubas. Dictionary of Names of Hydrographic Features in Russia and Other CIS Member States. Ed. by G. I. Donidze. — Moscow: Kartgeotsentr–Geodezizdat, 1999. — p. 316. — . also known as Rubaschay,Rubaschay. verum.icu State Water Register/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2021. is a river flowing through the Tabasaransky, Kurakhsky, and Derbentsky districts of Dagestan.

The river is 92 km long.Surface Water Resources of the USSR, Vol. 9: Transcaucasia and Dagestan, Issue 3: Dagestan The area of its drainage basin is 1,180 km2.

Geography It originates from springs on the northeastern slope of one of the ridges of Inner Dagestan, 3.4 km southeast of Mount Dzhufu-Dag, and flows into the Caspian Sea near the villages of Arablyar and Mollakent.

Hydrology The river has a flood regime during the warm season and low water levels in winter. The highest annual discharges usually occur following rainfall. Summer rain floods can sometimes be catastrophic. The mean annual discharge is 1.01 m3/s, while the maximum is 59.3 m3/s.

Tributaries The largest tributaries are the Afnachay, Khanagchay, Karchag-Su, and Kamyshchay. In its lower reaches, water from the is periodically discharged into the river.

Study of the river and its significance for water management The river has been studied at the Khuchni and Rubas stream gauges. Its waters are used for irrigation; the canal named after Valerian Kuybyshev begins 3 km upstream from the village of Rubas.

Archaeology In the lower reaches of the river, on its right bank, approximately 3 km upstream from the village of Chulat, a multilayered Paleolithic site, Rubas-1, is located on an extensive terrace-like escarpment at an elevation of ~30 m above the water level. The oldest archaeological materials at the site are associated with Layer 5 and represent a small-tool industry of the Early Paleolithic. The layer is tentatively dated to ~2.2–2.3 million years ago, corresponding to the final stage of the of the Caspian Sea.Derevyanko A. P., Anoykin A. A., Slavinsky V. S., Borisov M. A. New data on the Early Paleolithic assemblage of the Rubas-1 site (based on 2007 fieldwork materials)

The industry is characterized by a large number of small artifacts (~2–4 cm), frequent use of non-flake blanks (fragments and pieces), weak typological differentiation, and unstable tool forms. The assemblage is dominated by artifacts with various notches and spike-like projections, as well as scraper-like tools. The formation of the cultural-bearing layer at the Rubas-1 complex is associated with the final stage of the of the Caspian Sea and is tentatively dated to ~2.2–2.3 million years ago. This makes the Rubas-1 complex one of the oldest known archaeological industries in the Caucasus and Eurasia as a whole. An absolute date obtained from an ash horizon in landslide deposits of the Rubas River is 1.5 ± 0.04 million years ago.Derevyanko A. P., Anoykin A. A., Kazansky A. Yu., Matasova G. G. Leshchinsky S. V. Substantiation of the relative age of the lower cultural horizon at the Rubas-1 site // Derevyanko A. P., Amirkhanov Kh. A., Zenin V. N., Anoykin A. A., Rybalko A. G. Problems of the Paleolithic of Dagestan. — Novosibirsk, 2012.

Near the confluence of the Karchag-Su River with the Rubas, there is a group of sites designated Shor-Dore-1–6. Their cultural-bearing layer dates to the Late Baku period (0.4–0.3 million years ago).Anoykin A. A. // Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2016. Vol. 15, No. 7: Archaeology and Ethnography. Pp. 49–59.

Rubas River

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