Mahathero is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gyanashree Mahathero (1925–2025), Bangladeshi Buddhist monk Jyotipal Mahathero (1914–2002), Bangladeshi Buddhist monk Satya Priya Mahathero (1930–2019), Bangladeshi Buddhist monk Suddhananda Mahathero (1933–2020), Bangladeshi Buddhist monk