Glyceryl-tris-3-hydroxybutyrate (3GHB), sold under brand names like Neuridan and TriKeto 3BHB, is a triglyceride and ketone ester and the glycerol triester of the short-chain fatty acid and ketone body β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-hydroxybutyrate; BHB; 3-hydroxybutyrate). It is slowly metabolized and converted into BHB in the body. Ketone esters like 3GHB can induce rapid, significant, and sustained ketosis with oral administration and are an alternative to the ketogenic diet and fasting for achieving ketosis. They are able to overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of exogenous ketone bodies, such as BHB's extremely rapid metabolism and short elimination half-life.
3GHB is a water-soluble triglyceride and has been investigated for potential use in parenteral nutrition. It shows dose-dependent neuroprotective effects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents.J. Blesa, V. Jackson-Lewis, N. Boaz, S. Hashim, S. Przedborski Glyceryl-tris-3-hydroxybutyrate protects dopaminergic neurons in a MPTP model of Parkinson's disease, Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans,LA (2012) (Abstract in 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner, Society for Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, October 17, 2012). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=6468425617178300327 https://web.archive.org/web/20260706233430/https://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/ViewAbstract.aspx?sKey=6d23afc2-0250-4ced-9dd4-2b56fb9c00db&cKey=f83dda4e-b240-4f0d-b6d1-0e015d8893aa&mKey=%7B70007181-01C9-4DE9-A0A2-EEBFA14CD9F1%7D "Previously, we have shown that the administration of D-B-Hydroxybutyrate (DBHB) mitigates tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta of mice caused by mitochondrial poisons such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). [...] One major limitation to the clinical use of DBHB resides with its extremely short half-life, hence, requiring its infusion via Alzet pumps to reach effective steady-state levels in the blood. Because of the short half-life of DBHB, an analogue of the DBHB, Glyceryl-tris-3-hydroxybutyrate (3GHB), was synthesized. This compound has a pharmacokinetic suitability for single-dose daily administration. We, therefore, have tested 3GHB to gauge the effectiveness of its “extended” neuroprotective action, both in in vivo and in vitro studies in comparison to DBHB. We show that 3GHB protects SNpc dopaminergic neurons against MPTP in a dose dependent manner and prevents the development of abnormalities in mice. Also, we have preliminary data suggesting that this protection may be via inhibition of histone deacetylase activity (HDAC). This new analog may represent a promising and valuable therapeuthic strategy for a range of pathological conditions affecting the brain, such as Parkinson’s Disease or Alzheimer’s Disease." It was suggested that this might be mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. There has been interest in 3GHB in the potential treatment of neurological conditions such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain injury. 3GHB has been patented for various uses. The clinical pharmacokinetics of 3GHB are being studied.
See also Medical food 1,2,3-Tris(4-hydroxybutyroyloxy)propane β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) Tributyrin
References
External links Science - NeuroEnergy Ventures TriKeto 3BHB - NeuroEnergy Ventures Neuridan™ Launches as Innovative Food for MCI and Alzheimer’s Disease - NeuroEnergy Ventures