This page is a list of Executive orders which have been issued by the Office of the President of the United States of America (POTUS) to give specific presidential policy and implementation directions to officers and agencies of this country's Executive branch. Federal government offices and agencies are required to follow the directions of such Executive orders, within the limits of existing federal laws passed by the United States Congress and defined by the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted by the Judicial branch of the federal government.
At the federal level of government in the United States, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation. Such legislation originates as an act of Congress passed by the U.S. Congress; such acts were either signed into law by the president or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.
Legislation is not the only source of law. There is also judge-made common law and constitutional law. The president can also issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters which have the force of law.
Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department began numbering executive orders in the early 20th century, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln's Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana issued in 1862.
Consolidated list by president # President Party Total executive orders Order number range Years in office Executive orders per year Period 1 Independent 8 Unnumbered 7.95 1.0 April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797 2 Federalist 1 Unnumbered 4 0.3 March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 3 Democratic-Republican 4 Unnumbered 8 0.5 March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809 4 Democratic-Republican 1 Unnumbered 8 0.1 March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817 5 Democratic-Republican 1 Unnumbered 8 0.1 March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825 6 Democratic-Republican 3 Unnumbered 4 0.8 March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 7 Democratic 12 Unnumbered 8 1.5 March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837 8 Democratic 10 Unnumbered 4 2.5 March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841 9 Whig 0 Unnumbered 0.08 0.0 March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 10 Whig 17 Unnumbered 3.92 4.3 April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845 11 Democratic 18 Unnumbered 4 4.5 March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 12 Whig 5 Unnumbered 1.34 3.7 March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850 13 Whig 12 Unnumbered 2.66 4.5 July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853 14 Democratic 35 Unnumbered 4 8.8 March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857 15 Democratic 16 Unnumbered 4 4.0 March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 16 Republican 48 Unnumbered 4.11 11.7 March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865 17 Democratic 79 Unnumbered 3.89 20.3 April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869 18 Republican 217 Unnumbered 8 27.1 March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877 19 Republican 92 Unnumbered 4 23.0 March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 20 Republican 0 Unnumbered 0.54 0 March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881 21 Republican 96 Unnumbered 3.46 27.7 September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885 22 (first term) Democratic 113 Unnumbered 4 28.3 March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 23 Republican 143 Unnumbered 4 35.8 March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 24 (second term) Democratic 140 Unnumbered 4 35.0 March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 25 Republican 185 97–140 4.53 40.9 March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 26 Republican 1,081 141–1050 7.47 144.7 September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909 27 Republican 80 1051–1743 4 26.6 March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 28 Democratic 1,803 1744–3415 8 225.4 March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921 29 Republican 59 3416–3885 2.41 24.48 March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 30 Republican 1,203 3885-A–5075 5.59 215.2 August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929 31 Republican 968 5076–6070 4 242 March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 32 Democratic 3,721 6071–9537 12.11 307.8 March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945 33 Democratic 907 9538–10431 7.77 116.7 April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 34 Republican 484 10432–10913 8 60.5 January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 35 Democratic 214 10914–11127 2.84 75.4 January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 36 Democratic 325 11128–11451 5.16 62.9 November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969 37 Republican 346 11452–11797 5.56 62.3 January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 38 Republican 169 11798–11966 2.45 69.1 August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 39 Democratic 320 11967–12286 4 80.0 January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 40 Republican 381 12287–12667 8 47.6 January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 41 Republican 166 12668–12833 4 41.5 January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 42 Democratic 364 12834–13197 8 45.5 January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 43 Republican 291 13198–13488 8 36.4 January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009 44 Democratic 276 13489–13764 8 34.6 January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 45 (first term) Republican 220 13765–13984 4 55.0 January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 46 Democratic 162 13985–14144 4 40 January 20, 2021 – January 20, 2025 47 (second term) Republican 281 14145 and above — January 20, 2025 – present
1800s 1836: Specie Circular – Required payment for public lands be in gold and silver specie, repealed in 1838 1863: Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction – Laid out President Abraham Lincoln's preliminary "10% plan" for reintegrating the "states in rebellion" back into the Union 1872: Colville Indian Reservation is created
Earliest numbered executive orders The current numbering system for executive orders was established by the U.S. State Department in 1907, when all of the orders in the department's archives were assigned chronological numbers. The first executive order to be assigned a number was Executive Order 1, signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862, but hundreds of unnumbered orders had been signed by presidents going back to George Washington.
President Term First Last Total Abraham Lincoln 1861–1865 1 2 3 Andrew Johnson 1865–1869 3 7 5 Ulysses S. Grant 1869–1877 8 20 15 Rutherford B. Hayes 1877–1881 None None 0 Chester A. Arthur 1881–1885 21 23 3
Grover Cleveland (1885–1889, 1893–1897)
Source:
First presidency (1885–1889) Year First Last Total 1885 23-1 24 2 1886 25 25 1 1887 26 27-1 3 1888 None None 0 1889 None None 0 Total 23-1 27-1 6
Second presidency (1893–1897) Year First Last Total 1893 30 31 3 1894 32 56 25 1895 57 84 29 1896 85 93 9 1897 94 96 3 Total 30 96 69
Benjamin Harrison (1889–1893)
Source:
Year First Last Total 1889 None None 0 1890 28 28 1 1891 28-1 28-1 1 1892 28-A 28-A 1 1893 29 29 1 Total 28 29 4
William McKinley (1897–1901)
Source:
Year First Last Total 1897 97 103 7 1898 104 110 10 1899 111 122 12 1900 123 134 17 1901 135 140 6 Total 97 140 52
Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909)
1901–1909: List of executive actions by Theodore Roosevelt: Complete list of executive orders by President Theodore Roosevelt
Year First Last Total 1901 141 153 13 1902 154 196 44 1903 197 242 47 1904 243 288 47 1905 289 389 172 1906 389-A 542 165 1907 543 723 188 1908 724 1000 279 1909 1001 1050 50 Total 141 1050 1005
William Howard Taft (1909–1913)
Source:
Year First Last Total 1909 1051 1150 100 1910 1151 1277 129 1911 1278 1451 175 1912 1452 1673 221 1913 1674 1743 71 Total 1051 1743 696
Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921)
Source:
1914: Executive Order 1888: Providing conditions of employment for the Permanent Force for the Panama Canal 1918: Executive Order 2859: National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences
Year First Last Total 1913 1744 1875 136 1914 1876 2113 243 1915 2114 2294 188 1916 2295 2502 212 1917 2503 2778 296 1918 2779 3019-B 260 1919 3020 3207 224 1920 3208 3380 174 1921 3381 3415 34 Total 1744 3415 1,767
Warren G. Harding (1921–1923)
Source:
Year First Last Total 1921 3416 3604-A 191 1922 3605 3770-A 173 1923 3771 3885 118 Total 3416 3885 482
Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929)
Presidential Executive Orders: Numbered 1–8030, 1862–1938, Volume 1
1927: Executive Order 4601: Authorization of the Distinguished Flying Cross
Year First Last Total 1923 3885-A 3940 62 1924 3941 4119 189 1925 4120 4363-A 227 1926 4364 4559 202 1927 4560 4791 240 1928 4792 5018 290 1929 5019 5075 57 Total 3885-A 5075 1,267
Herbert Hoover (1929–1933)
"Herbert Hoover: proclamations and executive orders, March 4, 1929 to March 4, 1933"
Year First Last Total 1929 5076 5255 183 1930 5256 5523 268 1931 5524 5770 249 1932 5771 5984 215 1933 5985 6070 88 Total 5076 6070 1,003
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)
Administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Executive Orders Disposition Tables
Year First Last Total 1933 6071 6544 569 1934 6545 6935-A 473 1935 6936 7261-A 384 1936 7262 7531 275 1937 7532 7784 257 1938 7784-A 8030 249 1939 8031 8316 287 1940 8317 8624 310 1941 8625 9005 382 1942 9006 9292 290 1943 9293 9412 122 1944 9413 9508 100 1945 9509 9537 29 Total 6071 9537 3727
Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)
Administration of Harry S Truman Executive Orders Disposition Tables
Year First Last Total 1945 9538 9672 139 1946 9673 9817 148 1947 9818 9918 100 1948 9919 10025 117 1949 10026 10094 69 1950 10095 10199 95 1951 10200 10317 118 1952 10318 10420 104 1953 10421 10431 11 Total 9538 10431 907
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961)
Administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Orders Disposition Tables
EOs 10432–10913 1953: Executive Order 10450: Charged the heads of federal agencies and the Office of Personnel Management, supported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), with investigating federal employees to determine whether they posed security risks 1954: Executive Order 10555: Establishing a Seal for the President's Committee on Employment of the Physically Handicapped 1959: : Defined the design of the flag of the United States
Year First Last Total 1953 10432 10511 80 1954 10512 10584 75 1955 10585 10649 66 1956 10650 10693 44 1957 10694 10747 55 1958 10748 10797 50 1959 10798 10857 60 1960 10858 10899 42 1961 10900 10913 14 Total 10432 10913 484
John F. Kennedy (1961–1963)
Administration of John F. Kennedy Executive Orders Disposition Tables
1961: Executive Order 10924: Established the Peace Corps 1961: Executive Order 10925: Required government contractors to "take affirmative action" to ensure non-discriminatory employment practices. Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1962: Executive Order 10988: Recognizes the right of federal workers to join employee organizations and bargain collectively 1962: Executive Order 10990: Reestablished the Federal Safety Council 1962: Executive Order 11051: Specifies the duties and responsibilities of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put all executive orders into effect in times deemed to be of increased international tension, economic crisis, and/or financial crisis. Revoked by Executive Order 12148 1963: Executive Order 11110: Delegating the authority to issue silver certificates under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933 to the Secretary of the Treasury 1963: Executive Order 11111: Federalized the Alabama National Guard in response to the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
Year First Last Total 1961 10914 10983 70 1962 10984 11072 89 1963 11073 11127 55 Total 10914 11127 214
Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969)
Administration of Lyndon B. Johnson Executive Orders Disposition Tables
EOs 11128–11451
1963: Executive Order 11129: Decreed on November 29, 1963 that the NASA Launch Operations Center (LOC), including facilities on Merritt Island and Cape Canaveral, would be renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA. That name change officially took effect on December 20, 1963 1963: Executive Order 11130: Created the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy 1964: Executive Order 11141: Declaring a public policy against discriminating on the basis of age 1965: Executive Order 11246: Prohibited discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; rescinded during President Trump's second term. 1966: Executive Order 11310: Assigned Emergency Preparedness Functions to the Attorney General