List of Islamist quasi-states and rival governments

This is a list of Islamist quasi-states and rival governments. It includes both Sunni and Shia Islamist states.

Current +NameEstablishedCapitalMap References Hamas government in Gaza2007Gaza Islamic Wilayat of Somalia2006Jilib Ansaru2012Areas of Northern Nigeria."Ansaru publicly returns to Nigeria" . FDD’s Long War Journal. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020. Islamic State2013Areas of the Northwestern Idlib Governorate in Syria Houthi Yemen (SRC and SPC)2010SanaaThe Muslim News Yemen after Saleh: A future fraught with violence , Friday 27 May 2011. Daular Musulunci2012–2015, 2016–presentChikun Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin2017Unknown Jubaland1998–2001, 2024KismayoFootnotes to History: G to J Footnotes to HistorySomalia Assessment, September 1999 Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration & Nationality Directorate, Home Office, UKReport of the Secretary-General on the situation in Somalia, 11 Oct 2001, Document S/2001/963 United Nations Security Council Azawad Liberation Front2024Unknown Popular Forces administration in Gaza (elements, disputed)2025Al-Bayuk

Former +NameDateCapitalNow part of MapReferences Islamic State of Iraq2006–2013BaqubahIraq Al-Qaeda in Iraq (Islamic Republic of Qaim)2004–2006Unknown (2004–2005)Al-Qa'im (2005)Baqubah (2006)Iraq Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad2004FallujahIraqChandrasekaran, Rajiv (10 March 2007), Imperial Life in the Emerald City, London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, p. 305, ISBN 978-0-7475-9168-9 Islamic Emirate of Azawad2012–2013Timbuktu (proclaimed)Gao (provisional)Mali Ansar Dine2012–2017Unknown Republic of Logone2015–2021Kaga-BandoroCentral African RepublicUnion for Peace in the Central African Republic2018Unknown Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham2017IdlibSyria Al-Nusra Front2012–2017Unknown Fatah al-Islam2007Nahr El-Bared refugee campLebanon Islamic Emirate of Waziristan2006UnknownPakistan Islamic Emirate of Rafah2009RafahPalestine Chechen Republic of Ichkeria1991–2000GroznyRussia Islamic Emirate of Kurdistan2001–2003ByaraIraq"Does Kurdish jihadist group threaten Hayat Tahrir al-Sham in north Syria? - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East". http://www.al-monitor.com. 20 June 2021. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (11 May 2014). "Key Updates on Iraq's Sunni Insurgent Groups". Brown Moses Blog. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2014.A Modern History of the Kurds, David McDowall, 2021, pp. 592, Islamic Emirate of Gao (MOJWA and Al-Mourabitoun) 2012–circa. 2015GaoJama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (de facto) Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya1983–1997LuuqSomalia Allied Democratic Forces2015–2019UnknownDemocratic Republic of Congo Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan1996–2001Kabul (1996–2001)Kandahar (2001)Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan1980s–1990sBashgal ValleyIslamic Emirate of AfghanistanRobert D. Crews, Amin Tarzi. The Taliban and the crisis of Afghanistan. Harvard University Press, 2008. . Pg 338.Guide to Islamist Movements: Volume 2, Barry M. Rubin, 2010, pp. 189, Islamic Emirate of Kunar1989–1991AsadabadIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan1996BadakhstanIslamic Emirate of AfghanistanOrganizations at War in Afghanistan and Beyond, Abdulkader H. Sinno, 2011, pp. 192, Emirate of Imbaba1992ImbabaEgyptArmed Islamic Group of Algeria1993–1995UnknownAlgeria Islamic Salvation ArmyCirca. 1995–Circa. 1996UnknownAlgeria Junbish-e Milli1992–1997UnknownIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan Jamiat-e Islami1982–1989UnknownIslamic Emirate of AfghanistanDefence Journal. Ikram ul-Majeed Sehgal, 2006, Volume 9-10 Collected Issues 12(9)-12 (10) page 47. Ansar al-Sharia in Libya2012–2017UnknownGovernment of National Stability (de facto) Syrian Salvation Government2017–2024IdlibSyria Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan1998–1999KadarRussia Caucasus Emirate2007–Circa. 2009UnknownRussiaImarat Kavkaz / Caucasus Emirate , IHS.com, 2014 Free Aceh Movement1979–2005Somewhere in AcehIndonesia Islamic State of Indonesia1949–1962UnknownIndonesiahttps://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=irhs

Small groups that held territory During the Syrian Civil War, the groups Northern Storm Brigade, Al-Tawhid Brigade, Martyrs of Islam Brigade, Ajnad al-Sham and Jaysh al-Nukhba controlled some areas, however their control was ephemeral and insignificant. In Lebanon, Ansar Allah held areas for a period in 2007.

See also List of historical unrecognized states List of rebel groups that control territory

Notes

References