List of lichens of Brazil

Brazil is recognised as having an exceptionally rich documented lichen biota. In 2025, a nationwide checklist by André Aptroot and co-authors accepted 4,828 Brazilian taxa, consisting of 4,799 species and 29 infraspecific taxa (that is, forms, varieties, and subspecies). This was about twice the number listed in the 2002 national checklist, a result of both intensified collecting in recent decades and renewed taxonomic scrutiny of previously reported names.

Brazilian lichen collecting has a long recorded history, but knowledge accumulated unevenly for much of that time. Early work was concentrated in a limited set of comparatively well-studied areas, especially Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul. The evidence assembled by Aptroot and colleagues suggests that roughly 10,000 specimens had been gathered by the beginning of the 20th century, much of them through the efforts of botanists such as Juan Ignacio Puiggari and Auguste François Marie Glaziou, followed later by important collections made by the lichenologists Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme and Edvard August Vainio. Collection activity increased substantially during the 20th century, adding about 50,000 further specimens, and accelerated again in the 21st century as Brazilian specialists established research groups in different parts of the country and extended survey work much more widely.

Much of the recent rise in recorded diversity stems from the wider geographical coverage achieved over the last 15 years, as lichen surveys were extended across almost all Brazilian states. Aptroot and colleagues assembled their checklist from published records tied to specimens, drawing on older and newer literature, regional inventories, and postgraduate theses, rather than accepting names solely from online occurrence portals or herbarium databases. The work is focused on lichenized fungi, but it also includes a small number of closely related non-lichenized ascomycetes that have traditionally been treated by lichenologists; lichenicolous fungi (fungi that grow on lichens), which are often included in lichen checklists, were left outside its scope.

The present list is based on the accepted taxa treated by Aptroot et al. (2025), and additional reports published since then. The abbreviated codes following each species name show the Brazilian states from which that taxon has been reported, and in the source these acronyms are arranged by region in geographical sequence rather than alphabetically. A bolded "B" indicates that the name is based on original type material from Brazil. This list includes both fully accepted species and taxa treated as provisionally accepted. Where a name is marked "provisionally accepted", it is retained for practical use in the checklist even though its generic placement or final taxonomic treatment remains unsettled and may later be revised.

A Absconditella sphagnorum – RJ Absconditella sychnogonoides – AL, BA, SP Absconditella termitariicola B – AP Absconditella viridithallina B – SP Acantholichen albomarginatus B – MG Acantholichen campestris B – SC Acanthothecis africana – RO Acanthothecis aggregata B – RO Acanthothecis albescens B – MG, SP Acanthothecis bicellulata B – MG Acanthothecis clavulifera B – MG Acanthothecis consocians – PB Acanthothecis corcovadensis B – AP, TO, PB, SE, BA, MS, RJ, SP, PR Acanthothecis farinosa B – AM, SE Acanthothecis hololeucoides – AP, SE, BA, MG, SP Acanthothecis kalbii B – PR Acanthothecis latispora B – RS Acanthothecis leucopepla – RO, AP, TO, MA, PB, PE, SE, BA, MT, MS, MG, SP Acanthothecis leucoxantha B – PE, MT, MS, SP Acanthothecis megalopora B – TO Acanthothecis mirabilis B – MG Acanthothecis mosquitensis B – PE Acanthothecis multiseptata B – SC Acanthothecis normuralis B – MS Acanthothecis norstictica B – TO Acanthothecis obscura B – MG Acanthothecis oryzoides B – RO Acanthothecis peplophora – AM Acanthothecis pruinocarpa B – PR Acanthothecis psoromica B – MS Acanthothecis rimosa B – AL Acanthothecis rosea – SC Acanthothecis roseola B – RS Acanthothecis sanguinoloba B – MT Acanthothecis sarcographoides B – SE Acanthothecis saxicola B – MA Acanthothecis silicicola – MT Acanthothecis subabaphoides B – RO, TO, CE, SE, BA, MT Acanthothecis subfarinosa B – PR, RS Acanthothecis submuriformis B – RO Acanthothecis tetraphora – MA, BA, SP Acanthotrema brasilianum B – AC, AM, RO, AL, SE, BA, MT, MS, GO, MG, ES, SP Acanthotrema minus B – MS Acanthotrema sorediatum B – MG Acarospora aggregata B – PE Acarospora chrysops – PE, MG, ES, RJ, RS Acarospora dissipata B – AL, RS Acarospora lavicola – MS Acarospora lorentzii – SP, RS Acarospora moenium – MT Acarospora obnubila – MS Acarospora oligyrophorica B – AL, MT, MG Acarospora privigna – PE Acarospora regnelliana B – RS Acarospora scabrida – SC Acarospora schleicheri – RS Acarospora scotica – RJ, SP, SC Acarospora smaragdula – MG, SC Acarospora terricola – RS Acarospora terrigena – MG, RS Acarospora veronensis – PR Aciculopsora cinerea B – AL Acrocordia endobrya B – SP Actinoplaca ampullifera – BA Actinoplaca strigulacea – AM, PA, AP, PB, PE, AL, MT, MS, ES, SP, SC Adelphomyces cochlearifer – AC, AM, RO, PE, AL, SE, SP Adelphomyces epithallina – RJ Aderkomyces carneoalbus B – RJ, SP Aderkomyces couepiae B – AM Aderkomyces microtrichus B – PE, RJ Aderkomyces papilliferus – AM, PE, BA, SC Aggregatorygma isidiata B – AP Aggregatorygma lichexanthonicum B – MT Aggregatorygma submuriforme B – MS Aggregatorygma triseptatum B – AM, RO, PA, TO, MT Agonimia allobata – MG, SP Agonimia octospora – MG Agonimia opuntiella – CE, AL, SE, BA, MS, MG, ES, PR, SC, RS Agonimia pacifica – SE, SP, SC Agonimia tenuiloba – AM, RO, SE, MT, MS, SP, PR, SC Agonimia tristicula – RO, PE, BA, MT, MS, MG, PR, RS Ainoa mooreana – MG, RJ, SP Allographa acharii – AC, AM, RO, AP, CE, PE, AL, SE, BA, MT, MS, GO, DF, MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa adpressa B – MA, CE, MG, RS Allographa albotecta B – BA, SP, RS Allographa amazonica B – RO Allographa ancelina B – AP Allographa anguilliradians – MT, MS, ES, PR Allographa angustata B – AM, PA, PE, SE, BA, MT, MS, MG, RJ, SP, PR Allographa apertoinspersa – PR, RS Allographa apicalinspersa B – RS Allographa argentata – PA, PE, AL, SE, BA, MT, MS, MG, SP, PR, SC Allographa asterizans – RO Allographa atrocelata – MA Allographa balbisii – AC, AM, PB, SE, MT, ES, RJ, SP, SC, RS Allographa basaltica B – RJ Allographa brachylirellata B – AM, RO, PA, MT Allographa brevissima B – PE, BA, MG, ES, RJ, SP, SC, RS Allographa byrsonimae B – MT Allographa calcea – AM, PE, MT, MS, RJ, PR, SC, RS Allographa carassensis B – AL, BA, MG Allographa celata – SE Allographa cerradensis B – AL, SP Allographa chamelensis – ES Allographa chloroalba – BA Allographa chlorocarpa – PE, AL, SE, ES, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa chrysocarpa B – AC, AM, PA, PE, SE, BA, MT, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa cinerea – PE, SE, RJ, SP, PR, SC Allographa cognata – SE Allographa comma – BA, MT, MS, RJ Allographa congesta B – AM Allographa consanguinea B – SE, BA, MT, MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa contorta B – RJ, SC, RS Allographa cylindrospora B – PB Allographa dealbata B – PE, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, RS Allographa dispersa B – MT Allographa dolichographa – ES, RS Allographa elongata – RN, PE, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa farinulenta – PR Allographa flavens – AM Allographa fournieri – SP Allographa frumentaria – MT, MG, RJ, SP Allographa funilina B – CE, PB, AL, MG, RS Allographa glauconigra – CE, AL, RS Allographa globosa – MG Allographa granulata – SE, RJ, RS Allographa heteroplaca B – SC Allographa hossei – PR, RS Allographa hypostictica B – MG Allographa illinata B – PA, MT, MG, RJ, SC Allographa ingarum – MA, CE, AL, BA, MS, ES, RS Allographa inturgescens B – MT, RJ Allographa invisibilis B – SP, PR, RS Allographa itatiaiensis B – MG Allographa laubertiana – AC, CE, AL, SE, MS, RJ Allographa leptospora – RJ Allographa lineatipruinosa B – AM Allographa longula B – AM, PE, AL, RJ, PR, RS Allographa lourdesina B – MG Allographa lumbricina B – PE, SE, BA Allographa malacodes – SE Allographa marginata B – PB, SE, RJ, SP Allographa medioinspersa B – MS Allographa mexicana – MG, SP Allographa miniata B – SE, BA, SP Allographa multisulcata B – SP Allographa nana – RO Allographa nuda – RJ Allographa nudiformis – SE Allographa obtectostriata B – MS, ES, RJ, SP, PR, RS Allographa ochracea – RS Allographa olivacea B – MT, RS Allographa oryzaeformis – PA, MA, BA, MG, SC Allographa ovata – RJ Allographa oxyspora – SC, RS Allographa pavoniana – PA, PB, PE, AL, SE, BA, MS, RJ, SP, SC, RS Allographa pedunculata – SE Allographa phaeospora B – BA, MG, RJ, SC, RS Allographa pilarensis B – RO, AL, SE Allographa pitmanii – AM, RO, AP, SE, BA, MT Allographa pittieri – PR Allographa platypoda B – SP Allographa plumbea – RS Allographa plurispora B – MT, PR, RS Allographa polystriata – PR Allographa pruinodisca B – MT Allographa pseudocinerea – PE, RS Allographa pseudoserpens – AP, PR, RS Allographa rhizicola – AM, PA, PE, SE, BA, MT, MS, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa rimulosa – MA, RN, MT, MS, MG, SC, RS Allographa rufopallida – AM, TO, ES, RJ, RS Allographa ruiziana – MT, MG, RJ Allographa rustica – RO, SE Allographa sauroidea B – AM, PA, MT, GO, RJ Allographa sayeri – MA, SE, BA Allographa scaphella – State unknown Allographa seminuda – AL, PR Allographa sitiana B – AM, RO, CE, PB, SE, BA, MS, MG, ES, PR, RS Allographa striatula – AM, RO, AP, TO, RN, PB, PE, SE, BA, MT, MS, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS Allographa subargentata B – PR, SC Allographa subdisserpens – CE, RS Allographa subflexibilis – PB, SE Allographa subimmersa – MG, PR Allographa subradiata – MS, MG, PR, SC Allographa subserpens B – MT, MG Allographa subturgidula – SE, RS Allographa superans – RS Allographa tetrinspersa B – MT Allographa triangularis B – SP Allographa tricolorata B – RS Allographa tumidula – RJ, SP, PR Allographa uruguayensis – PR Allographa variopruinata B – AM Allographa verminosa – MS Allographa vernicosa – RO, RJ Allographa vestita – PR Allographa vestitoides – AC, PB, PE, SE, MT, MS, SP, PR, RS Alyxoria cyanea B – MS Alyxoria fuscospora B – RO Alyxoria ochrocheila – SP Alyxoria varia – CE, RN, AL, BA, MS, RJ, SC, RS Amandinea brugierae – BA Amandinea diorista – CE, RN, SE, BA, MT Amandinea endachroa B – PE, GO, RJ, SP, SC, RS Amandinea errata B – CE, MG, SC, RS Amandinea extenuata – PA, CE, PB, PE, SE, BA, MT, MS, DF, MG, RJ, SC, RS Amandinea melaxanthella – RN, PB, AL, BA, GO Amandinea microsticta – MS, RJ, SP, SC Amandinea multispora – SE, BA, SP, RS Amandinea pelidna – SC Amandinea polyspora – MG, RJ, RS Amandinea subduplicata B – CE, PE, MS, MG, RJ, SP Amandinea submontana – BA, MS, ES, RS Amandinea turgescens – RN Amandinea xylographella – PE, MS, SP Amazonomyces sprucei B – AM, PA Amazonotrema nigrum B – AM, RO Ampliotrema amplius – AC, AM, RO, PA, AP, PE, SE, MT, SP Ampliotrema auratum – SE, RJ Ampliotrema dactylizum – AM, RO Ampliotrema lepadinoides B – AM, RO, PA, AP, BA Ampliotrema megalostomum B – AM, PA Ampliotrema palaeoamplius – AM, RO, MT Ampliotrema rimosum – AM Amygdalaria pelobotryon – MG Ancistrosporella psoromica – SC Andreiomyces obtusaticus B – PE, MT Anisomeridium adnexum B – SP, SC, RS Anisomeridium albisedum – RO, CE, PB, SE, MS, RS Anisomeridium americanum – AL, SE, BA, MG Anisomeridium anisolobum B – RN, SE, BA, MS, SP, SC, RS Anisomeridium biforme – SE, MS, RJ Anisomeridium biformoides – PE Anisomeridium consobrinum – RJ Anisomeridium distans – MS Anisomeridium excaecariae – BA, SP Anisomeridium excellens – SE Anisomeridium foliicola – AM, RO, PA, PB, PE, AL, SE, BA, MT, ES, SP, PR, SC Anisomeridium globosum B – SE, MS Anisomeridium guttuliferum – MS