Peperomia curticaulis is a species of epiphyte in the genus Peperomia that is endemic in Peru. It grows on wet tropical biomes. Its conservation status is Threatened.
Description The type specimen were collected near Río Pichis, Peru, at an altitude of .
Peperomia curticaulis is a glabrous herb with a short, thick stem bearing few leaves. The alternate leaves are broadly ovate, obtuse, with a rounded or shortly cordate base, measuring long and wide. They are 7-nerved, with both the midrib and lateral nerves branching. The petiole is 7 cm long. The terminal spikes are long and 3 mm thick, with somewhat spaced flowers, and are borne on a peduncle 1–2 cm long. The ovary is ovoid, somewhat mucronate, with an oblique stigma.
Taxonomy and naming It was described in 1936 by William Trelease in , from specimens collected by Ellsworth Paine Killip and Dorothea Eliza Smith.
Distribution and habitat It is endemic in Peru. It grows on a epiphyte environment and is a herb. It grows on wet tropical biomes. It got its epithet from the Latin curtus + caulis, referring to the plant's characteristic short and thick stem that distinguish this species.
Conservation This species is assessed as Threatened, in a preliminary report.
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