Nurul Amin Shah Alam (January 1, 1970 – February 24, 2026) was a nearly blind 56-year-old Rohingya refugee who died after United States Border Patrol agents dropped him off on the streets of Buffalo, New York, on the night of February 19, 2026. Shah Alam was left at a closed Tim Hortons coffee shop in near-freezing temperatures. He was found dead on February 24. The county medical examiner found his death resulted from complications brought on by hypothermia and dehydration and ruled his death a homicide on April 1, 2026, which means it resulted from another person's actions or inaction but is not a determination that it was a crime: that judgement belongs to the courts of law.

The Trump administration announced it was not to blame due to how much time had passed between Shah Alam's contact with Border Patrol and his death. The administration instead drew attention to how it had gone to the trouble of giving Shah Alam a courtesy ride.

Background Part of the persecuted Arakan Rohingya minority of Myanmar, Shah Alam was from Maungdaw, Rakhine State. He was a subsistence farmer, also working on rice fields and at a fishery before the State Peace and Development Council subjected him and other Rohingya to forced labor. Shah Alam and his family fled to Bangladesh for two years in the 90s. In 2002 or 2003, Shah Alam fled to Malaysia, working in a refugee camp in construction and as a blacksmith to earn enough money to pay for his family's travel expenses. By 2013, Shah Alam's pregnant wife and all of their children had been brought over, but they lacked the documents to gain Malaysian citizenship.

In 2015, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees arranged for Shah Alam's resettlement to the United States, but he declined the offer as it did not extend to his adult children. In 2024, the US government under the Biden administration agreed to allow Shah Alam's eldest three sons into the country as well. Shah Alam, his wife, and their two youngest children arrived in Buffalo on December 24, 2024. They have legal refugee status. He couldn't understand English, had trouble walking and used a cane. His son told Reuters Shah Alam did not read, write, or use electronics. He was nearly blind: CNN cited eyesight and knee problems in recent years; The Guardian wrote he lost much of his sight in a childhood accident. The New York Times specified that Shah Alam had been poked in the left eye with a stick as an infant. His attorney told Investigative Post, a local news nonprofit, that he was completely blind in one eye and had blurry vision for several feet in the other.

On February 15, 2025, Shah Alam was arrested by Buffalo police. According to police documents, Shah Alam unlawfully entered a fenced rear yard while holding two long black poles, caused an estimated $200 damage to a shed door, and allowed the owner's dog to escape through an open gate. Police body camera footage shows police officers repeatedly telling him to drop the poles to the ground and him repeatedly saying "sorry" (or "OK sorry"). WGRZ said that Shah Alam eventually waves the poles in the air in the direction of the officer, and the police fire their tasers, tackle him to the ground, and handcuff him; the BBC said that when Shah Alam does not drop the rods after repeated requests, the officers deploy tasers and he walks forward swinging the rods until an officer wrestles him to the ground. According to police documents, Shah Alam bites both officers in the struggle. Afterwards, the officers are unable to communicate with him because of the language barrier. According to The Washington Post, speaking in Rohingya and Malay he asked for God's help, tried to explain he lives nearby and was going to the store, and pleaded with the officers not to throw away his phone. The only English words he speaks are "OK", as well as "I love you" which he sings from the back of an ambulance as he is taken to Erie County Medical Center. He was charged with two counts of felony assault and eight lesser charges, listed in police records as two counts of menacing in the second degree with a weapon, two counts of criminal possession of weapon with intent to use, criminal trespass in the third degree, criminal mischief, resisting arrest, and obstructing governmental administration in the second degree.

According to Shah Alam's family, the event was a misunderstanding; Shah Alam had become lost, was using a curtain rod as a walking stick, and did not respond to police because he did not understand English. He was held at the Erie County Holding Center awaiting trial for nearly a year. His family did not post bail for fear he would disappear into immigration custody, opting to keep him in the jail where they could visit him. On February 9, 2026, Shah Alam pled guilty to a misdemeanor plea deal that would avoid deportation, according to Erie County District Attorney Michael J. Keane. Advised by a lawyer that it was safe, his family posted bail. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) had issued an immigration detainer, a formal request to take custody of a noncitizen after his release from criminal detention, so the sheriff's office contacted Border Patrol, who arrived before his release was finalized.

Killing According to reports received by the Buffalo Police Department, Shah Alam was released from Erie County Holding Center to federal authorities on February 19, 2026, around 4:30 pm. Border Patrol detained him briefly before determining he was not eligible for deportation. According to a federal official Border Patrol attempted to communicate with Shah Alam using a translator program, and he was offered the opportunity to make a phone call, which he declined, and asked to be taken to the location where he was eventually dropped off. United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) later told media that Shah Alam chose to accept a "courtesy ride" to a Tim Hortons in the Black Rock neighborhood, rather than be directly released from the holding center, and was released at what was "determined to be a warm, safe location near his last known address" and "showed no signs of distress, mobility issues or disabilities requiring special assistance".

Surveillance footage obtained by Investigative Post shows Shah Alam being brought out of the Border Patrol van around 8:18 pm, when only the drive-thru was open. The footage shows him pacing in front of the locked doors. The van leaves one minute after he was dropped off. Six minutes after he was dropped off he walks through the parking lot away from the building.

Shah Alam's family and attorney weren't notified of his release. Federal officials are not legally required to do so. His family had expected to walk him out of jail, and his wife had set his clothes out for him and bought ingredients for his favorite foods. His family and lawyer began a search for him including the federal immigration detention center in Batavia, New York, where it was thought ICE may have been detaining him, and the neighborhood Shah Alam lived in when he was detained. Shah Alam's family no longer lived at their old address, which according to the Investigative Post was approximately a mile from the Tim Hortons, or that part of the city but in Broadway-Fillmore on the East Side, some five miles away. While he was missing, temperatures fell from nearly freezing to below freezing and light snow fell. Shah Alam had thin county-issued jail booties for shoes.

Shah Alam's attorney reported him missing to police on February 22, after learning the federal center did not have him in custody. The police closed the case on February 23, thinking Shah Alam was in federal custody, and reopened it some four hours later. Police learned on February 24 where Shah Alam had been dropped off, and outreach to family and neighbors and searches of shelters, hospitals, and the general area were carried out. At 8:29 pm on February 24, a woman placed a 911 call reporting an unmoving man on Perry Street, a six and a half mile drive away from the Tim Hortons, after seeing him alive there earlier that day around 5:30 pm; the man, identified as Shah Alam on February 25, was pronounced deceased by authorities on scene.

Investigations On March 31, the Erie County Medical Examiner's Office determined Shah Alam died of "complications of a perforated duodenal ulcer precipitated by hypothermia and dehydration", and that the death was a homicide, clarifying that homicide indicated the death was the result of the action or inaction of others but did not imply intent to cause harm or death. A manner of death ruling for the purpose of vital statistics is not a legal one, nor does it indicate a crime was committed: that responsibility belongs to the legal system. The family was notified and a public statement made on April 1.

Erie County Commissioner of Health Dr. Grace Burstein explained that under severe strain of hypothermia and dehydration, Shah Alam's body cut back blood flow to his gastrointestinal system, compromising it, and overproduced stomach acid. Acid passed into his duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, bore into the weakened intestinal wall and breached it, allowing acid and other digestive fluids to spill into the peritoneum. This was a perforated ulcer, a life-threatening medical emergency, and without urgent surgical repair Shah Alam died. Dr. Burstein said that a symptom is severe pain. An attorney representing Shah Alam's family said the medical examiner's report report confirms Shah Alam was placed in a hostile environment from which he could not reasonably be expected to extricate himself and added that it showed evidence of starvation, ketoacidosis.

Police at first wrongly reported the death was health-related and that exposure and homicide had been ruled out, based, they later said, on homicide detectives' preliminary notes at the autopsy.

The Buffalo Police Department announced an investigation into Shah Alam's death. The Erie Country District Attorney's Office began an investigation. New York Attorney General Letitia James said in a statement her office "is reviewing our legal options".

Attorney General James also informed representative Kennedy that she was reviewing Shah Alam's release from the holding center, the five days he was missing, and the Border Patrol's "unreliable account". The Buffalo News observed that convening a preliminary assessment fell short of an official investigation.

Broader concerns The Guardian wrote that Shah Alam's death "raised urgent questions" about the detention and release of immigrants under the Trump administration, and that advocates say it "reflects broader concerns" about "whether detainees are released without coordination, safeguards, or basic communication with their families". The Independent said it had outraged advocates who had "raised alarms for months" about the administration's "treatment of vulnerable immigrants, refugees and their families". CNN wrote of highlighted "growing concerns" over "the constitutional rights and treatment of people who come in contact with federal agents, regardless of their immigration status" amidst the administration's mass deportation efforts; this passage also linked to a CNN story about legal migrants detained in Minnesota and released in Texas without money, identification or phones.

The Guardian cited Michelle Brané, executive director of NGO Together and Free and former DHS immigration detention ombudsman, as saying that there were established procedures for a safe release at no additional cost or effort. She described alarm among advocates and former officials at "the recent surge in detainees being released in unfamiliar or unsafe locations" and that "We're seeing cases where people are simply left on their own", without coordination with family members, being allowed to arrange a pickup, and in some cases, without a phone call to family or a friend.

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