This is a list of long-duration energy storage or LDES technologies which are energy storage systems designed to discharge electricity for multiple hours to days or longer. These systems are used to support power grid reliability, renewable energy integration, peak shifting, energy security, seasonal balancing, and grid resilience. LDES is typically defined as storage with discharge durations of 10 hours or more.

List of technologies

Mechanical Compressed air energy storage Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage Gravity battery Liquid air energy storage Pumped-storage hydroelectricity

Electrochemical Flow battery Iron–air battery Lead–acid battery Lithium-ion battery Nickel–hydrogen battery Sodium-ion battery Sodium–nickel chloride battery Sodium–sulfur battery Vanadium redox battery Zinc–air battery

Thermal Carnot battery Molten salt energy storage Phase-change material Pumped-heat electricity storage Thermal energy storage Underground thermal energy storage

Chemical Ammonia energy storage Hydrogen storage Metal energy carriers Methanol energy storage Power-to-gas Synthetic natural gas

See also

Outline of grid energy storage

References