The HighlandeursМовсэс Каланкатуаци. История страны Алуанк / Пер. с древнеарм., предисл. и коммент. Ш. В. Смбатяна. Ред. С. А. Авакян. — Ереван: Изд-во АН Армянской ССР, 1984. — С. 185. — 258 с. were an ancient tribe located northwest of modern-day BakuЛорэтта Христофоровна Тер-Мкртичян. Армянские источники о Средней Азии VIII- XVIII вв / Ответственный редактор академик АН АрмССР ЕРЕМЯН С. Т.. — Москва: Наука, 1979. — С. 51. — 96 с., identified by researchers as Caucasian HunsАлексан Акопович Акопян. Албания-Алуанк в греко-латинских и древнеармянских источниках / Отв. ред. П. М. Мурадян. — Ереван: Изд-во Армянской ССР, 1987. — С. 120, 243. — 304 с..
The Highlandeurs may be one of the designations for the Caucasian XionitesЮзбашян, Карен Никитич. Армянская эпопея V века: от Аварайской битвы к соглашению в Нуарсаке / Пер. с древнеарм. И. А. Орбели.. — Москва: XXI век - Согласие, 2001. — С. 198. — 342 с. — ISBN 5-293-00025-X.. The Xhionites were a self-name of the HephthalitesАндрей Александрович Черетаев. Византия. Юстиниановская эпоха. — Москва: Аврелия, 2004. — С. 95. — 363 с. — ISBN 978-5-98633-001-3., and the Hephthalites were considered to be part of the Massagetae tribesТолстов С. П. По следам древнехорезмийской цивилизации. — М.—Л.: изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1948. — С. 211. — 328 с.. According to Elishe, the king of the Highlandeurs was called "Heran".Византийский временник. Том 41 / Отв. редактор Удальцова 3. В.. — Москва: Наука, 1980. — С. 161. — 335 с. Borovkova L. A. identifies the Highlandurs with the MassagetaeБоровкова Л. А. Народы Средней Азии III-VI веков (по древним китайским и западным источникам). — Москва: Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т востоковедения, 2008. — С. 133. — 359 с. — ISBN 978-5-89282-304-3.. Gutnov F. wrote that one of the Huns from the country of the Highlandurs was called "Bel"Феликс Хазмурзаевич Гутнов. Горский феодализм. Часть 1. — Владикавказ: ИР, 2007. — С. 116. — 319 с. — ISBN 978-5-7534-0311-7.. Procopius said that Egan was a descendant of the Massagetae, who were once called Huns.Прокопий Кесарийский. Война с персами; Война с вандалами; Тайная история / Пер., ст., коммент. А. А. Чекаловой. — Москва: Наука, 1993. — С. 206. — 570 с. — ISBN 978-5-02-009494-9.
History The question of the Highlandeurs was first raised by Josef Markwart. Believing that Elhishe’s text referred to the Caucasian Huns, he compared the Armenian historian's accounts with data from Priscus of Panium, concluding that the Highlandeurs were the "royal" horde of the Huns.Josef Marquart. Ērāns̆ahr nach der Geographie des ps. Moses Xorenacci. — Berlin: Weidmann, 1901. — S. 96. — 358 S.
Mikhail Artamonov however, argued that the Highlandeurs were North Caucasian Huns and had no connection to Attila’s Huns in Pannonia, whom Markwart had in mind as the primary "royal" horde.Артамонов, Михаил Илларионович. История хазар / Под ред. и с примеч. Л. Н. Гумилева. — Ленинград: Изд-во Гос. Эрмитажа, 1962. — С. 60. — 523 с.
According to Nina Pigulevskaya, the Huns who broke through the Caucasian Range in the 4th century maintained all their positions in the North Caucasus through the mid-5th century. These groups of Hunnic tribes participated in the struggle of Transcaucasian peoples against Iran during the reign of Yazdegerd II.Нина Викторовна Пигулевская. Сирийские источники по истории народов СССР. — Москва: Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1941. — С. 46. — 170 с
An explanation for the word Highlandeur was offered by B. Ulubabyan, who posited that it is a Celtic word meaning "mountain dweller" — highlandeur, similar to how residents of the mountainous regions of Scotland still call themselves "Highland."
References