1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 5, 1830, and October 3, 1831. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 22nd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1831. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.

The supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats during his first term, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

The brash style of Congress during the administration of Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural Southern United States. The Jacksonians remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority National Republicans. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.

Election summaries

Not including special elections.

+ ↓ 66 17 4 126 National Republican AM N Jacksonian

State Type Date Totalseats National Republican Anti-Masonic Jacksonian Nullifier Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Louisiana Districts July 5–7, 1830 3 2 0 1 0 Mississippi At-large August 2–3, 1830 1 0 0 1 0 Vermont Districts September 6, 1830 5 3 1 2 1 0 0 Maine Districts September 13, 1830 7 1 2 0 6 2 0 Georgia At-large October 4, 1830 7 0 0 7 0 Ohio Districts October 12, 1830 14 8 2 0 6 2 0 Pennsylvania Districts 26 2 1 7 6 17 7 0 South Carolina Districts October 11–12, 1830 9 0 0 5 4 4 4 Massachusetts Districts November 1, 1830 13 13 0 0 0 New York Districts November 1–3, 1830 34 3 8 8 5 23 3 0 New Jersey At-large November 6, 1830 6 6 0 0 0 Delaware At-large November 13, 1830 1 1 0 0 0 Late elections (after the March 4, 1831 beginning of the term) New Hampshire At-large March 8, 1831 6 0 0 6 0 Connecticut At-large April 14, 1831 6 6 0 0 0 Virginia Districts April 1831 22 5 1 0 17 1 0 Alabama Districts August 1, 1831 3 0 0 3 0 Illinois At-large 1 0 0 1 0 Kentucky Districts 12 4 2 0 8 2 0 Missouri At-large August 2, 1831 1 0 0 1 0 Indiana Districts August 5, 1831 3 0 2 0 3 2 0 Tennessee Districts August 4–5, 1831 9 1 0 8 0 North Carolina Districts August 11, 1831 13 2 1 0 11 1 0 Rhode Island At-large August 23, 1831 2 2 0 0 0 Maryland Districts October 3, 1831 9 5 2 0 4 2 0 Total 213 66 6 17 12 126 10 4 4

Special elections

21st Congress

! | Philip P. Barbour | | Jacksonian | 18151824 1827 | | Incumbent resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia.New member elected November 25, 1830 and seated December 6, 1830.Jacksonian hold. | nowrap |

22nd Congress

Third ballot :

! | George Fisher | | NationalRepublican | 1828 | | Incumbent lost contested election February 5, 1830 to Silas Wright, who then failed to qualify.New member elected November 3, 1830 and seated December 6, 1830.Jacksonian gain.Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below. | nowrap |

Alabama

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its six at-large members on a general ticket on April 14, 1831, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Delaware

Georgia

Georgia elected its 7 at-large members on October 4, 1830.

Illinois

Illinois elected its sole member late on August 1, 1831.

Indiana

Indiana elected its three members late on August 5, 1831.

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Maryland elected its nine members on October 3, 1831. In the fifth district, two members were elected on a general ticket. There was a net gain of 2 National Republicans thereby increasing their ratio from 3-to-6 to 5-to-4.

Massachusetts

Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams was elected in , becoming the first former president to re-enter public life after leaving the presidency.

Elections were held November 1, 1830, but at least one district went to so many ballots it failed to achieve a majority election until 1832, just before the next cycle began.

(District numbers differ between sources. District numbers below reflect Martis's references. Where noted, Congressional Quarterly's "Guide to U.S. Elections" has different district numbers.)

1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections

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