New Włochy ( ) is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in Warsaw, Poland, within the northwestern part of the Włochy district. It forms the northern half of the neighbourhood of Włochy. It is a residential area, predominantly consisting of single-family low-rise houses, with a smaller presence of apartment buildings. The neighbourhood also has two railway stations: Warszawa Ursus Północny and Warszawa Włochy. It also features the Koelichen Palace, a neoclassical residence, dating to 1859, the Church of Saints Teresa of the Child Jesus and the Roman Martyrs, completed in 1962, and three major parks: Combatants Park, Goat Pond Park, and Space Gardens.
Villages of Sopęchy and Stojarty were first recorded in the area of modern Włochy in 1395 and 1493, respectively. They were founded by the Rakowski family of the clan of Radwan, descending from count Gotard of Służew. In the 15th century, the villages of Porzucewo and Solipse, were separated from Sopęchy. In 1452, a portion of Porzucewo was sold to Jan Włoch, and the village was eventually renamed after him to Włochy in the following century. Sopęchy was burned down by the Swedish army in 1656, during the Second Northern War, while Stojarty was recorded for the last time in the 17th century. In 1795, the estate of Włochy was acquired by count Tadeusz Antoni Mostowski, who developed there his residence, together with an English landscape garden, which now forms the Combatants Park. In 1859, in its place was constructed the neoclassical residence, known as the Koelichen Palace. In the second half of the 19th century, the manufacturing industry developed in Włochy. In 1926, the estate was partitioned and sold off for the development of a residential neighbourhood with villa houses. In 1959, the Warszawa Włochy railway station was opened In 1930, Włochy became the seat of a new municipality, named after it, which also included Solipse and Wiktoryn. In 1939, all three settlements were merged to form the town of Włochy. In 1951, it was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.
Toponomy The name New Włochy, is translation of Polish Nowe Włochy, and comes from the fact that the area predominantly includes the residential neighbourhood developed in 1926. For contrast, Old Włochy includes a historical area of the former village of Włochy, founded in the 15th century. The name Włochy itself comes from Jan Włoch, who acquired a portion of the settlement, originally known as Porzucewo, in 1452. It was first recorded as Włochy, and in 1523, as Włochy alias Porzucewo. The latter name was eventually completely dropped in the first half of the 16th century.
History In 1395, the village of Sopęchy was first recorded in the area of the modern Budki Szczęśliwickie Street. In 1493, the village of Stojarty was also recorded in the area of modern Wiktoryn Street. They were founded by the Rakowski family of the clan of Radwan, descending from count Gotard of Służew. In the 16th century, Sopęchy became home to the descendants of knight Witek, and eventually was renamed to Witki, while the family adopted the surname Witkowiec. In the 15th century, the villages of Porzucewo and Solipse (then known as Solipsy), were separated from Sopęchy. In 1422, the area was owned by the knight Strachota. Solipse was first recorded in 1435, eventually becoming property of the Solipski family. In 1452, a portion of Porzucewo was sold to Jan Włoch, and the village was eventually renamed after him. In 1517, it was recorded as Włochy, and in 1523, as Włochy alias Porzucewo. The latter name was eventually completely dropped in the first half of the 16th century.Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, pp. 15–19. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish) In the first half of the 17th century, the landed estate of Włochy was acquired by Andrzej Leszczyński, the Grand Chancellor of the Crown and the primate of Poland, who built there his manor house around 1650. In 1671, it was used as a hideout by Ulrich von Werdum, one of the organisers of a magnate opposition, attempting to nullify the election of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki as the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Atlas architektury Warszaw. Warsaw: Arkady, p. 169. ISBN 8301088362. (in Polish) The manor, as well as the village of Witki, were burned down by the Swedish army in 1656, during the Second Northern War, and its area eventually became part of Włochy. The nearby Stojarty was also recorded for the last time in the 17th century. In 1794, the area was also used by Frederick William II, the King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg, as his headquarters during the siege of Warsaw.
In 1795, the estate of Włochy was acquired by count Tadeusz Antoni Mostowski, a politician and statesman, who later would become the Minister of Interior of the Duchy of Warsaw, and the president of the Government Committee of the Interior of the Kingdom of Poland. Around 1800, he founded his residence there and developed a park around it. In 1842, they were redeveloped as a neoclassical palace and an English landscape garden, respectively. The estate was acquired in 1844 by entrepreneur Andrzej Koelichen. The residence was again rebuilt in 1859, with a design by architect Aleksander Zabienowski. It became known as Koelichen Palace. In 1827, Włochy had 81 inhabitants.Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, pp. 25–27. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish) In the 19th century, the brickworks developed in the area, with the first factory, owned by the Koelichen family, being opened in 1842. The mining of clay in the area, used in the brick production, left behind numerous shallow pits, which then flooded, forming small lakes, such as the Goat Pond. By the end of the century, a heavy manufacturing industry also developed in the area. In 1845, railway tracks were built passing through the area. In 1859, the Warszawa Włochy station was established for cargo trains, and after 1863, it also opened to passenger service.Robert Gawkowski: Dawno, dawno temu... na Okęciu i we Włochach. Warsaw: Włochy Tonw Hall, 2016, p. 23. (in Polish) Following the abolition of serfdom in 1864, the area was incorporated into the municipality of Skorosze.Maria Nietyksza, Witold Pruss: Zmiany w układzie przestrzennym Warszawy. In: Irena Pietrza-Pawłowska (editor): Wielkomiejski rozwój Warszawy do 1918 r. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Książka i Wiedza, p. 43. 1973. (in Polish)
In 1926, the landed estate of Włochy was partitioned and sold off for the development of a residential neighbourhood with villa houses. It was designed as a garden suburb by Franciszek Krzywda-Polkowski and Miłosław Kotyński, with an average plot of land measuring 700 m2 (7534.7 sq ft).Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, pp. 37–44. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish) The same year, the Włochy Fire Guard, a local fire department, was founded in the same year, and in 1928, the local police station was also opened.Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, pp. 57–61. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish)Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, pp. 80–88. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish) Additionally, in 1928, the garden around the Koelichen Palace was opened to the public as a recreational urban space, known as the Combatants Park. The same year, the Przyszłość Włochy sports club was also founded in the village.
In 1930, a wooden chapel was built in New Włochy, becoming the seat of the Roman Catholic Parish of Saints Teresa of the Child Jesus and the Roman Martyrs in 1934. The same year, the Włochy Cemetery was also founded at the intersection of Ryżowa and Zapusta Streets, to the north of Fort V.Karol Mórawski: Warszawskie cmentarze. Przewodnik historyczny. Warsaw: PTTK Kraj, 1991, pp. 101–103. ISBN 83-7005-333-5. (in Polish) The chapel was taken apart in 1957, and later rebuilt in 1959, at a new location, at 46 Popularna Street in Old Włochy. It became the Our Lady of La Salette Church, administered by the Missionaries of La Salette, and in 1976, it became the seat of a new parish.Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, p. 204. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish) From 1933, the Koelichen Palace was used by the members of the local community of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession, which counted around 1,000 pep in 1931. It moved to the Church of the Epiphany at 22 Cietrzewia Street, in Old Włochy, after its opening in 1939.Robert Gawkowski: Moja Dzielnica Włochy, historia Włoch i Okęcia. Warsaw: Włochy Town Hall, 2010, pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-83-928365-1-3. (in Polish)
On 15 April 1930, Włochy became the seat of a new municipality, named after it, which also included the village of Solipse, and hamlets of Marianówki and Wiktoryn-Rappówek, as well, as small farming settlements extending from Wiktoryn. On 20 October 1933, the municipality was divided into two village assemblies divided by the railway tracks, with New Włochy in the north, and Old Włochy in the south.Warszawski Dziennik Wojewódzki: dla obszaru Województwa Warszawskiego. Warsaw: Warsaw Voivodeship Office, 1933, no. 14, position. 136. (in Polish)Warszawski Dziennik Wojewódzki : dla obszaru Województwa Warszawskiego. Warsaw: Warsaw Voivodeship Office, 1933, no. 17, position. 155. (in Polish) On 1 April 1939, the municipality was transformed into a town, keeping the name Włochy. It also incorporated some lands from the nearby municipalities of Blizne and Skorosze.