Kruševo ( ; "Crușuva") is a town in North Macedonia. In Macedonian, the name means the 'place of pear trees'. It is the highest town in the country and one of the highest in the Balkans, situated at an altitude of over above sea level.Information about Krusevo on travel2macedonia.com.mk The town is the seat of Kruševo Municipality. It is located in the western part of the country, overlooking the region of Pelagonia, and from the nearby cities of Prilep and Bitola, respectively.
Etymology The name "Kruševo" stems from the Slavic word for "pear", variants of which include gruša and kruša.Vladimir I. Georgiev, Bulgarian etymological dictionary, vol. 3, Bulgarian academy of sciences, 1986, p. 31. (in Bulgarian)
History Middle Ages Initially part of the Byzantine Empire, the area of present-day Kruševo was conquered by the First Bulgarian Empire in the 9th century and subsequently reconquered by the Byzantines in the 11th century. It then feel under short-lived, 14th-century Lordship of Prilep, before coming under Ottoman Turkish rule in 1395.J.VA Fine, The late mediaeval Balkans, p.380
Ottoman rule
A large part of the Macedonian population in Kruševo originate from Lazaropole and descend from Mijaks, a Macedonian subgroup who settled in the town alongside Aromanians by the middle of the eighteenth century. Aromanians settled in Kruševo along with Orthodox Albanian refugees, often in groups of families and led by a priest, fleeing the 18th-century sociopolitical and economic crises in present-day southern Albania. Orthodox Albanians arrived from Vithkuq and the Opar region, while local Kruševo traditions also relate that other families arrived from Korçë and the villages of Polenë, Dardhë, and Mborje.
In the 19th century, Kruševo grew as a commercial center, with connections throughout the Balkans and beyond. Local merchants such as the Nitsiotas brothers and five other companies were active in Vienna.Vacalopulos, Konstandinos A. Modern history of Macedonia, Thessaloniki 1988, pp. 138–139 Orthodox Albanians from Moscopole founded the so-called Ohtul di Arbinesh ("hill of the Albanians") neighborhood. This community would soon assimilate into the Aromanian population of the city. In the 1860s, a Bulgarian municipality and school were established in the town.Иванов, Йордан. Българите в Македония, София 1917, с. 333 (Ivanon, Yordan. Bulgarians in Macedonia, Sofia 1917, p. 333), Ванчев, Йордан. Новобългарската просвета в Македония през Възраждането, София 1982, с. 115 (Vanchev, Yordan. New Bulgarian education in Macedonia during the National Revival, Sofia 1982, p. 115) Subsequently, a Bulgarian girls' school was also opened,Божинов, Воин. Българската просвета в Македония и Одринска Тракия 1878–1913, София 1982, с. 73 (Bozhinov, Voin. Bulgarian Education in Macedonia and Adrianopole Thrace 1878–1913, Sofia 1982, p. 73) and it operated simultaneously with the Greek schools in the town. A Romanian school opened its doors in Kruševo in 1876.Романски, Стоян. Македонските ромъни, Македонски преглед, г. I, 1925, кн. 5–6, с. 83–84 (Romanski, Stoyan. Macedonian Romanians, Macedonian review, 1925, vol. 5–6, p. 83–84) According to other sources, the Romanian school was established in 1868 by A. Margarit – Ласку, Стојка. Од историјата на ароманскиот печат во Македонија. Списанијата "Братство" и "Светлина", Скопје 2007, с. 122 In the early 20th century, Kruševo was a small town in Manastir Vilayet, with a mixed population of 4,950 Bulgarians, 4,000 Vlachs (Aromanians), and 400 Christian Albanians, according to the Bulgarian geographer Vasil Kanchov's statistics.Васил Кънчов. "Македония. Етнография и статистика". София, 1900, стр.240 (Kanchov, Vasil. Macedonia — ethnography and statistics Sofia, 1900, p. 39-53). Due to intermarriage with locals, at the onset of the twentieth century, few in the small Orthodox Albanian community spoke Albanian. p.355. "In many cases, the refugees arrived in organised groups of families with a leader, usually a priest. Right from the start, the Vlachs were accompanied by Arvanites from Vithkuq and the Opar area. Those from Vithkuq preceded those from Opar and occupied the western part of the settlement, forming their own district there. According to local lore, other Arvanite families came from Korçë and the surrounding villages of Polenë, Dardhë, and Mborje. By the early twentieth century, intermarriage meant that very few families spoke Albanian any more."; p. 436. "Mijaks... Quite a large group, from Lazaropole mainly, formed the nucleus of the Slavonic-speaking population of Kruševo, who had settled alongside the Vlachs by the mid-nineteenth century." A neighbourhood inhabited by Aromanians in Kruševo bears the name Arbineš, meaning "Albanians" in the Aromanian language. Per the Bulgarian teacher Nikola Kirov, who was native to the town, most of the Aromanians as well as the Orthodox Albanians were in fact Grecomans.Keith Brown (2018) The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, , p. 202.
During the Ilinden Uprising of 1903, the rebels proclaimed a short-lived Kruševo Republic. Its leader, Nikola Karev, created a council of Kruševo's notable citizens, with twenty members from each of the town's three major ethnic groups (Slavic speakers, Albanians, and Vlachs). As the uprising was suppressed, the city was almost completely destroyed by the Ottoman army. One of the most important points in the Ilinden Uprising was the declaration of the "Kruševo Manifesto", which called for all the people of Macedonia, regardless of their nationality or religion, to fight together against the Ottoman Empire in order to establish an independent Macedonian republic. There is a monument in Kruševo called Mečkin Kamen ("bear's stone"), marking the place where Pitu Guli's band tried to defend the town from Turkish troops. The band and their leader are remembered as heroic defenders of Kruševo and the surrounding villages.
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Demographics As of the 2021 census, the town of Kruševo had 4,104 inhabitants, and its ethnic composition was as follows:Macedonian census, language and religion Macedonians 3,053 (74.4%) Aromanians 866 (21.1%) Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 146 (3.6%) Serbs 10 (0.2%) Albanians 9 (0.2%) Bosniaks 1 (0.0%) others 19 (0.5%)
YearMacedonianAlbanianTurksRomaniAromaniansSerbsBosniaksOthersPerson for whom data are taken from administrative sourcesTotal20024.273.........1.023......375,33020213.0539......8661011651464,104
The official languages of the town are, since 2006, Macedonian and Aromanian. Kruševo is the only locality where Aromanian has any kind of official status.
The religious composition of the town was the following: Orthodox Christians – 5,275 (99.0%) others – 55 (1.0%)
Features
Kruševo is a mountainous town. Situated at an altitude of , it is the highest town in North Macedonia. It is known for its 19th-century Ottoman architecture.
Kruševo is the home of Mečkin Kamen, a historical landmark that marks the location of the Ilinden Uprising of 1903. On 2 August each year, it is one of two sites where the Macedonian Day of the Republic is celebrated. The town also hosts the Makedonium monument, another landmark commemorating the Ilinden Uprising.
The local football club FK Pitu Guli is named after the revolutionary leader and plays in the Macedonian Third League (South division).
Toše Proeski Memorial House The pop singer Toše Proeski grew up in Kruševo, and after his death in 2007, several monuments to him were inaugurated in the town, including the Toše Proeski Memorial House, which opened in April 2011. The museum holds all his awards, many of his childhood belongings, recreations of his living room and home recording studio, as well as a wax model of Proeski. The museum is shaped like a cross as a reference to Proeski's devout Orthodox faith. Its interior walls are covered with song lyrics, including his signature concert phrase "Ve sakam site" (I love you all), translated into over 100 languages. At the 2011 World Architecture Festival in Barcelona, the building won the People's Choice Award.
Notable people Toše Proeski (1981–2007), pop singer famous throughout the Balkans Nikola Karev (1877–1905), politician, revolutionary leader Pitu Guli (1865–1903), revolutionary leader Vasil Iljoski (1902–1995), writer Nikola Martinoski (1903–1973), painter Ioryi Mucitano (1882–1911), revolutionary Ilija Najdoski (born 1964), footballer, European Cup champion Taki Fiti (born 1950), academic, former president of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, politician, author Nicolae Constantin Batzaria (1874–1952), writer, Ottoman Minister of Public Works and Commerce Alexandros Svolos (1892–1956), prominent Greek legal expert, president of the Political Committee of National Liberation, a Resistance-based government during the Axis Occupation of Greece Mencha Karnicheva (1900–1964), revolutionary Nikola Gabrovski (1871–1962), military figure Yiannis Boutaris (1942–2024), Greek businessman, politician, former mayor of Thessaloniki
Architecture
References
External links