Annenkov () or Annenkova (; feminine) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andriy Annenkov (born 1969), Ukrainian football player Boris Annenkov (1889-1927), Russian general Irina Annenkova (born 1999), Russian rhythmic gymnast Mikhail Annenkov (1835–1899), Russian nobleman, author, military officer and engineer Nikolay Annenkov (1899–1999), Soviet actor Nicholas Annenkov (1799–1865), Russian general Pavel Annenkov (1813–1887), Russian literary critic Varvara Annenkova (1795–1866), Russian poet Yury Annenkov, also known as Georges Annenkov, (1889–1974), Russian artist
See also Annenkov Island, off South Georgia