This is a list of investigational Parkinson's disease drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease but are not yet approved. They may also be referred to as investigational antiparkinsonian agents.

Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The format of list items is "Name (Synonyms) – Mechanism of Action [Reference]".

This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development Preregistration AIP-201 – positron-emission tomography (PET) enhancer – diagnosis Levodopa/carbidopa subcutaneous (ND-0612; ND-0680) – combination of levodopa (dopamine precursor) and carbidopa (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) inhibitor)

Phase 3 Altropane (123-I Altropane; [123I]-E-IACFT; NAV-5001; O-587) – dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) enhancer Apomorphine (Aporon) – non-selective dopamine receptor agonist and other actions Apomorphine sublingual film (APL-130277; Kynmobi) – non-selective dopamine receptor agonist and other actions Bemdaneprocel (BRT-DA01; DA-01; MSK-DA01; pluripotent stem cell derived dopaminergic neurons) – dopaminergic cell replacement Buntanetap ((+)-(3aR)-phenserine; (+)-phenserine; ANVS-401; ANVS-405; ANVS402; posiphen) – various actions 18F-LBT-999 ([18F]-LBT-999; LBT-999) – dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and positron-emission tomography (PET) enhancer – diagnosis Nabilone controlled release (Nabilone FDT) – cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist Pramipexole/rasagiline (P2B-001; rasagiline/pramipexole) – combination of pramipexole (dopamine D2-like receptor agonist) and rasagiline (MAO-B inhibitor) Remlifanserin (ACP-204) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist – Parkinson's disease psychosis Solengepras (CVN-424) – G protein-coupled receptor 6 (GPR6) inhibitor Tavapadon (CVL-751; PF-6649751; PF-06649751) – dopamine D1 and D5 receptor agonist

Phase 2/3 BHV-8000 (TLL-041) – Janus kinase 1 inhibitor and TYK2 kinase inhibitor Mesdopetam (IRL-790) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist and other actions

Phase 2 18F PI-2620 ([18F]PI-2620; PI-2620) – positron-emission tomography (PET) enhancer – diagnosis AB-1005 (AAV2-GDNF; AMT-140; adeno-associated-virus-GDNF therapy) – gene transference and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression stimulant Affitope PD01 (ACI-7104; ACI-7104.056; Affitope-PD01A; PD-01; PD-01A) – peptide vaccine against α-synuclein Altropane 123I (dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging radiopharmaceutical) – dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) enhancer – diagnosis Apomorphine inhalation (AZ-009; Staccato® Apomorphine) – non-selective dopamine receptor agonist and other actions Apomorphine intranasal (AL-101) – non-selective dopamine receptor agonist and other actions Aprepitant/pramipexole (ALTO-208; CTC-413) – combination of aprepitant (neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonist) and pramipexole (dopamine D2-like receptor agonist) Bezisterim (17α-ethynyl-5-androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol; HE-3286; NE-3107; Triolex) – undefined mechanism of action (synthetic androstenetriol analogue and anti-inflammatory) Blarcamesine (AE-37; ANA001; ANAVEX 2-73) – sigma σ1 receptor agonist, muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor agonist, and ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor agonist Buspirone/zolmitriptan (AV-2860; JM-010) – combination of buspirone (serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist and other actions) and zolmitriptan (serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist) – drug-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease Carbidopa/levodopa (DopaFuse; levodopa/carbidopa continuous release) – combination of carbidopa (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) inhibitor) and levodopa (dopamine precursor) Carbidopa/levodopa intranasal (INP-107; POD™ carbidopa/levodopa) – combination of carbidopa (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) inhibitor) and levodopa (dopamine precursor) DA-9805 – antioxidant and mitochondrial protein modulator Deferiprone (CGP-37391; CMX-001; CP-020; CP-20; CRMD-001; Ferriprox; Kelfer; L1; Upkanz) – chelating agent EPI-589 ((R)-troloxamide quinone; kinoquinone) – NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) modulator and antioxidant FNP-150 – undefined mechanism of action Gemfibrozil (FHL-301) – peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist Glovadalen (UCB-0022) – dopamine D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator GRF-6021 (AKST-6021) – plasma protein fraction and neurogenesis stimulant ION-859 (BIIB-094; ION859; IONIS-BIIB7Rx) – leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor Lazucirnon (AKST-4290; ALK-429; ALK-4290) – chemokine CCL11 inhibitor Levetiracetam low-dose (AGB-101) – synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) modulator Levodopa (TR-012001) – dopamine precursor and indirect non-selective dopamine receptor agonist Levodopa intranasal (INP103; POD™ levodopa) – dopamine precursor and indirect non-selective dopamine receptor agonist Matsupexole (AM006; KDT-3594) – dopamine receptor agonist Minzasolmin (DLX-313; UCB-0599) – α-synuclein misfolding inhibitor Nilotinib (KFRX-01) – Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor and discoidin domain receptor antagonist Pariceract (BIA 28-6156; LTI-291) – β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activator Pegsebrenatide (NLY-01; Olaedin; pegylated exenatide; TLY-001) – glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist Pirepemat (IRL-752) – various actions Pramipexole – dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptor agonist Prasinezumab (NEOD-002; PRX-002; RG-7935; RO-7046015) – monoclonal antibody against α-synuclein Pridopidine (ACR-16; ASP-2314; FR-310826; Huntexil; Nurzigma; TV-7820) – sigma σ1 receptor agonist and other actions Radotinib (IY-5511; Supect) – Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor and other actions Risvodetinib (Ikt-148009; IkT148009; risvo) – Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor Squalamine (ENT-01; Enterin-01; kenterin) – various actions Tributyrin (glyceryl tributyrate) – butyric acid (butyrate) prodrug and various actions Usnoflast (ZYIL-1) – NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor Vatiquinone (α-tocotrienol quinone; vincerenone; EPI-743 and PTC-743) – coenzyme Q10 analogue, antioxidant, oxidoreductase inhibitor, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX/ALOX15) inhibitor Vodobatinib (K-0706; SCO-088; SUN-K706; SUN-K0706) – Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor VTX-3232 – NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor Vutiglabridin (HSG-4112) – paraoxonase 2 (PON2) agonist and glabridin analogue WID-2101 – undefined mechanism of action XJN-010 – undefined mechanism of action

Phase 1/2 Ambroxol – β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activator and/or chaperone ANPD-001 (A9-line dopamine neuron therapy) – dopaminergic cell replacement CT1-DAP001/DSP-1083 (allo iPS cell-derived dopamine neural progenitor) – dopaminergic cell replacement EC-5026 (BPN-19186) – epoxide hydrolase inhibitor HER-096 (CDNF; cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor; rhCDNF) – neuron modulator IPT-803 – dopamine modulator and opioid receptor antagonist Liposomal GM1 (GM1-Gangliosid; Talineuren; TLGM-1; TLN-1; TLSG-1) – undefined mechanism of action NouvNeu-001 (human dopaminergic progenitor cells) – cell replacement TED-A9 (A9-DPC; allogenic embryonic stem cell-derived A9 dopamine progenitor cell therapy; TED-A9) – dopaminergic cell replacement Trapidil (SB-0107) – undefined mechanism of action XC-130 (XC130; XC130-A10H) – dopamine receptor agonist, other actions Lu AF28996 (Lu AF-28996) – dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonist

Phase 1 ABL-301 (SAR-446159) – bispecific antibody against α-synuclein ALS-205 (PMX-205) – complement C5a receptor antagonist ALX-001 (BMS-984923) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor silent allosteric modulator ARV-102 – leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor ATH-399A (DWP-307399; HL-192) – nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2) agonist CT-2500 – undefined mechanism of action FB-418 – Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor GT-02287 – β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activator and/or chaperone HL-400 – NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor HNC-364 (rasagiline prodrug) – monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor Human amniotic epithelial cell therapy - Shanghai iCELL Biotechnology (hAECs; hAESCs) – cell replacement JNJ-0376 – undefined mechanism of action JX-2105 – undefined mechanism of action LY-3962681 – RNA interference and α-synuclein expression modulator MEDI-1341 (TAK-341) – monoclonal antibody against α-synuclein NEU-723 – leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor NN-9001 – undefined mechanism of action PK-081 – α-synuclein degrader Selnoflast (NLRP3i; RG-6418; RO-7486967; Somalix) – NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor inhibitor TRN-501 – undefined mechanism of action VQ-101 – glucosylceramidase stimulant WID-2301 – undefined mechanism of action WIT-2001 – undefined mechanism of action

Preclinical AB-300 (AB300) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonist AB-5006 (AX-5006) – Escherichia coli csgA protein aggregation inhibitor and gastrointestinal microbiome modulator AEX-23 – orexin OX1 receptor agonist and α-synuclein aggregate/modulator Afamelanotide ([Nle4,DPhe7]-α-MSH; CUV-1647; EPT-1647; Melanotan I; Melanotan; MT-I; Prenumbra; Scenesse) – melanocortin receptor agonist Alpha-synuclein aggregation inhibitor (ACI-5755; morphomer α-synuclein) – α-synuclein inhibitor BEBT-758 – RNA interference and α-synuclein expression inhibitor Bevemipretide (SBT-272) – cardiolipin ligand and stabilizer BSC-3301 – receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor BXQ-350 (SapC; SapC-DOPS; sphingolipid activator protein C) – sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase stimulant and sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulant Cannabidiol (CBD) – cannabinoid receptor modulator and other actions Carbon monoxide (CO; HBI-002) – heme oxygenase 1 modulator CB-401 – amyloid β-protein modulator CBT-102 – undefined mechanism of action CJRB-301 (MRx-0005) – bacteria replacement and microbiome modulator CJRB-302 (MRx-0029) – bacteria replacement and microbiome modulator CK-0803 – regulatory T-lymphocyte replacement CU-13001 – 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX/ALOX15) inhibitor EHP-102 (VCE-003.2) – cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) modulator (cannabigerol (CBG) derivative) Estianeptine ((S)-tianeptine; TNX-4300) – peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARβ/δ and PPARγ agonist FHL-401 – toll-like receptor 2 antagonist FHL-701 – interleukin-12 (IL-12) subunit p40 inhibitor FKK-01PD (FKK-01PD; TGHW-01AP; apomorphine prodrug) – non-selective dopamine receptor agonist and other actions HT-4403 – leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor IC-100 (ICCN-100) – various actions KFRX-05 (BK-40195) – leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor KP-405 – undefined mechanism of action LB-P4 – bacteria replacement and microbiome modulator Mbiotix – bacteria replacement and microbiome modulator ML-021 – muscarinic acetylcholine M4 receptor antagonist MP-201 – 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) prodrug and various actions NB-003 – gene transference and parkin protein replacement NB-129 – undefined mechanism of action NLY-02 – glial cell inhibitor NLY-03 – undefined mechanism of action NNI-362 – 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase modulator NRG-5051 – mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor PMN-442 – monoclonal antibody against α-synuclein PP-003 – α-synuclein degrader