Puelles is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Antonio Millán-Puelles (1921–2005), Spanish philosopher Claudio Puelles (born 1996), Peruvian professional mixed martial artist Francisco "Chapu" Puelles (born 1984), Chilean actor, circus worker, and television personality José Manuel Puelles de los Santos (1894–1936), Spanish physician José Felipe Puelles (born 1960), Mexican politician Luis Puelles (1877–?), Spanish footballer Vicente Muñoz Puelles (born 1948), Spanish author and translator
See also Mas-Saintes-Puelles, commune in the Aude department in southern France