From April to September 2025, parts of Europe were affected by multiple heatwaves. Record-breaking temperatures came as early as April; however, the most extreme temperatures began in mid-June, when experts estimated hundreds of heat-related deaths in the United Kingdom alone. National records for the maximum June temperature in both Portugal and Spain were broken when temperatures surpassed , whilst regional records were also broken in at least ten other countries. The heatwaves have fueled numerous wildfires across Europe, causing further damage to ecosystems, property, human life and air quality.
Scientists found that by 18 September, around 16,500 people may have died as a result of climate change during the summer, equating to about 68% of deaths in the heatwave due to global warming. In September, the national weather agency for Spain announced that the summer had been the hottest on record, averaging between 1 June and 31 August.
By country Contents Albania In mid-April, Albania was one of many countries in central and eastern Europe to be hit by unseasonably warm temperatures, with Tirana forecasted to reach .
On 9 June, a temperature of was recorded in Tirana as much of the Balkans reached .
Austria On 26 June, the record for the maximum June temperature in the state of Carinthia was broken after was recorded in Feistritz ob Bleiburg; the June records for a number of individual weather stations were also broken. A retroactive study by the has found 449 cases of people dying from the consequences of heat in the summer of 2025.
Belarus In mid-April, Belarus was one of many countries in central and eastern Europe to be hit by unseasonably warm temperatures.
On 3 July, temperatures were forecasted to reach in the southwest, including Brest, as an orange danger level was declared across the country.
Bosnia and Herzegovina On 26 June, the records for the maximum June temperature were broken in three cities: Doboj, Sarajevo and Tuzla which recorded , and respectively. Railway tracks between Vrbanja and Čelinac were deformed by the heat, causing the suspension of ŽRS services.
On 3 July, a temperature of was recorded in Mostar, whilst the Brčko District faced an increase in wildfires following high temperatures. From 4 July, some areas of Sarajevo began to restrict water consumption from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. On the same day, Mostar recorded a temperature of for the second time consecutively.
On 21 July, a temperature of was recorded in Banja Luka while Sarajevo recorded a temperature, about below the record July temperature it set in 2021. During the second heatwave, Trebinje recorded a temperature of on 25 July, making it the first time to record such temperature since August 2012. On the same day, Mostar recorded a temperature of for the third time in the month.
Croatia On 26 June, the records for the maximum June temperature were broken in a number of cities, including Slavonski Brod where a temperature of was recorded, whilst temperatures in the Grič area of Zagreb came within of its June record. The Pleso area of Zagreb had the exact temperature matching with Slavonski Brod.
Estonia In mid-April, Estonia was one of many countries in central and eastern Europe to be hit by unseasonably warm temperatures which were expected to climb above . The country's record for the maximum April temperature was broken when was recorded.
France In late May, parts of France experienced record-breaking heat which also swept across the Iberian Peninsula. On 28 May, a temperature of was recorded in Canet-en-Roussillon. On 30 May, the records for the maximum May temperature were broken at 27 weather stations in western France, including Limoges and Toulouse; the highest of these was Sabres where a temperature of was recorded.
On 19 June, France entered its 50th heatwave since records began in 1947, with 27 departments under yellow heat alerts from 12 p.m. Météo-France issued orange heat alerts for 16 departments from 20 June, with over 30 more departments under yellow alerts. Électricité de France warned that electricity supplies could be disrupted due to high water temperatures impacting electricity production, particularly at the Bugey Nuclear Power Plant. On 21 June, a temperature of was recorded in Châteaumeillant as orange heat alerts were lifted for all departments except Isère and Rhône on 22 and 23 June.
On 29 June, one reactor at the Golfech Nuclear Power Plant was shut down due to rising water temperatures in the Garonne. Both the Blayais and Bugey nuclear power plants were also producing less electricity due to the rivers they use for cooling being warmer than normal.
On 30 June, a record-breaking 84 departments were under orange heatwave alerts, with a further seven under yellow alerts; only five departments had no alerts: Calvados, Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Manche and Seine-Maritime. The following day, 16 departments were upgraded to red alerts, including all of the Paris Region. Part of the Eiffel Tower was closed between 30 June and 2 July due to the extreme heat.
On 1 July, a temperature of was recorded in Cadenet. According to the Ministry of National Education, a total of 2,213 schools were closed due to the heatwave.
On 2 July, four departments were under red heatwave alerts, with a further 55 under orange alerts. Météo-France announced that France had experienced its second-hottest June on record, with an average temperature of , beaten only by 2003. The agency also noted that a number of cities exceeded for an unprecedented number of days, including Avignon with eleven days and Carcassonne, Nîmes and Toulouse with nine days. A 10-year-old American tourist died after collapsing during a visit to the Palace of Versailles; earlier that day Agnès Pannier-Runacher, the Minister of Ecological Transition, reported two additional heat-related fatalities and said that over 300 people had received emergency care due to the heat.
The heatwave ended on 4 July 2025.see also meteofrance.fr: Bilan climatique de juillet 2025
Around 10 August 2025, a new heatwave began.orf.at: Météo-France: meteofrance.com
Fennoscandia The Fennoscandian heatwave lasted from mid-July to early August and resulted in an unusually high number of hot days (25°C or more) in Norway, Sweden and Finland. Ylitornio, Finland had 26 hot days. Many observation stations in central and southern Finland had 20-25 hot days. There were also 22 days with temperatures exceeding 30°C. The highest temperature was 32.6°C, which was recorded at Oulu Airport on 31 July.
There were fewer hot days in Sweden than in Finland, but on 24 July a temperature of 33.6°C was recorded at Skellefteå Airport. Temperatures of 32-33°C were recorded at a number of observation stations in northern Sweden. In Norway the highest temperature was 34.9°C, which was recorded at the Frosta observation station. This was also the highest recorded temperature during the Fennoscandian heatwave.
The highest ever recorded temperatures in Norway, Sweden and Finland are 35.6°C (1970), 38.0°C (1933, 1947) and 37.2°C (2010), respectively. What sets the 2025 heatwave apart from its predecessors is the fact that it lasted for weeks, that some of the highest temperatures were recorded at high latitudes and that there was an unusually high number of days with temperatures exceeding 25°C-30°C.
Germany In mid-April, eastern Germany was one of many areas of central and eastern Europe to be hit by unseasonably warm temperatures, with Berlin forecasted to reach on 16 and 17 April. On 17 April, the Brandenburg towns of Coschen and Cottbus even reported .
On 2 May, Germany saw the first hot day of the year in Waghäusel-Kirrlach, with temperatures reaching . There, on 31 May, it even reached .
On 21 June, a temperature of was recorded in Wutöschingen.
On 1 July, a large wildfire on the border of Saxony and Brandenburg led to the evacuation of over 100 people. On 2 July, Germany experienced its hottest day of the year so far when was recorded in Andernach, closely followed by in Tangerhütte and in Kitzingen.
Between 12 and 14 August, another heatwave occurred, with temperatures reaching over in multiple cities of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Greece Between 9 and 12 June, nighttime minimum temperatures remained mostly over in Greece.
Since late June, the country has experienced a number of wildfires which were exacerbated by high temperatures and have caused significant damage. On 27 June, a temperature of was recorded in Skala, Messenia. According to the National Observatory of Athens, Greece had experienced its second-hottest June on record, beaten only by 2024. As a result, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security imposed a mandatory work stoppage from midday to 17:00 affecting outdoor manual labor and food delivery services in parts of the country beginning on 7 July. The Acropolis was also ordered closed from 13:00 to 17:00 on 8 July due to extreme heat.
On 22 July, the Greek Ministry of Labor has implemented protective measures for construction workers and other particularly vulnerable people due to a heat wave. In Athens and many other parts of the country, it has been ordered that no outdoor work is permitted between 12 and 5 p.m. The Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS) expects the heat to continue throughout the week. In central Greece, the HNMS expected 43 degrees Celsius.
Iceland
In mid-May, Iceland experienced a record-breaking heatwave, with temperatures reaching at least for ten consecutive days between 13 and 22 May. The country's record for the highest May temperature was broken on 15 May at Egilsstaðir Airport, where was recorded; the previous record of , recorded in 1992, was surpassed three more times during the heatwave. Furthermore, 94% of the automatic weather stations in the country which have been in operation for at least 20 years broke their records for the maximum May temperature; three staffed stations also broke their records for the maximum May temperature, including Stykkishólmur which has been in operation for 174 years.
Ireland On 30 April, the country's record for the maximum April temperature was broken when was recorded in Athenry, breaking the previous record set in 1984.
On 19 June, temperatures reached in County Roscommon, making it the hottest day of the year so far. A temperature of was recorded at the same location the following day, making 20 June the hottest day in Ireland in 3 years.
On 11 July, a total of 14 counties were a yellow warning for high temperatures; the whole country was under temperature warnings the following two days. On 12 July, a temperature of in County Roscommon, making it the hottest day of the year so far.
On 13 July, Connemara National Park recorded a peak of , the highest temperature in Ireland in 2025.
Italy On 12 June, Florence was forecasted to reach as thunderstorms gave way to high temperatures.
On 25 June, temperatures reached a record-breaking at Capanna Margherita, above sea level. On 26 June, temperatures reached in Bologna; the record for the highest minimum June temperature there was broken at . On 27 June, a total of 27 cities were under heat alerts: 13 were on red, 10 were on orange and four were on yellow. On 30 June, two people died amid high temperatures: a 47-year-old man died in San Lazzaro di Savena whilst working at a construction site; and a 53-year-old woman died in Bagheria after collapsing from the heat. On 1 July, a power outage caused by excessive energy consumption and underground cables overheating hit part of Florence, leading to the evacuation of the Rinascente department store in the Piazza della Repubblica. On 2 July, two men died at beaches in Sardinia and another died from heart failure in Genoa.
Kosovo On 25 June, a temperature of was recorded by the Kosovo Hydrometeorological Agency in Klina, the hottest temperature recorded since July 2007. On 26 June, a temperature of was recorded in Hani i Elezit.
Latvia