Eupatorieae is a tribe of over 2000D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus Kubitzky, general editor). Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg. species of plants in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are native to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere.Turner, B.L.(1997). Eupatorieae. In: Turner, Billie Lee (editor) The Compositae of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae, vol.1. Phytologia Memoirs 11:i-iv,1-272. Well-known members are Stevia rebaudiana (used as a sugar substitute), a number of medicinal plants (Eupatorium), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including Ageratum (flossflower), Conoclinium (mistflower), and Liatris (blazing star or gayfeather).
Plants in this tribe have only disc florets (no ray florets) and their petals are white, slightly yellowish off-white, pink, or purple (never a full yellow).
Within the aster family, the Eupatorieae are in the subfamily Asteroideae. Within Asteroideae, they are in the supertribe Helianthodae.Robinson, H.E. 2002. "New supertribes, Helianthodae and Senecionodae, for the subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae)". Phytologia 86(3):116-120 Within Helianthodae, they belong to an informal group without taxonomic rank called the phytomelanin cypsela clade, which contains 11 tribes.
The sister tribe of Eupatorieae is probably Perityleae. This result received moderate statistical support (68% bootstrap percentage) in a study published in 2002.Panero, J.L., & Funk, V.A.. 2002. "Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115(4):909-922
Genera
The largest genera and the approximate number of species in each are: Mikania (440), Ageratina (290), Stevia (200), Chromolaena (165), Koanophyllon (120), Brickellia (100), and Fleischmannia (95).
Eupatorieae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as April 2022:
Acanthostyles Acritopappus Adenocritonia Adenostemma Ageratella Ageratina Ageratum Agrianthus Alomia Alomiella Amboroa Amolinia Antillia Aristeguietia Arrojadocharis Asanthus Ascidiogyne Asplundianthus Austrobrickellia Austrocritonia Austroeupatorium Ayapana Ayapanopsis Badilloa Bahianthus Barroetea Barrosoa Bartlettina Bejaranoa Bishopiella Bishovia Blakeanthus Brickellia Brickelliastrum Campovassouria Campuloclinium Carminatia Carphephorus Carphochaete Castanedia Catolesia Cavalcantia Centenaria Chacoa Chromolaena Ciceronia Condylidium Condylopodium Conocliniopsis Conoclinium Corethamnium Critonia Critoniadelphus Critoniella Cronquistia Cronquistianthus Crossothamnus Dasycondylus Decachaeta Diacranthera Dissothrix Disynaphia Dyscritogyne Eitenia Ellenbergia Erythradenia Eupatoriastrum Eupatorina Eupatoriopsis Eupatorium Eutrochium Ferreyrella Fleischmannia Fleischmanniopsis Flyriella Garberia Gardnerina Gongrostylus Goyazianthus Grazielia Grisebachianthus Grosvenoria Guayania Guevaria Gymnocondylus Gymnocoronis Gyptidium Gyptis Hartwrightia Hatschbachiella Hebeclinium Helogyne Heterocondylus Hofmeisteria Hughesia Idiothamnus Iltisia Imeria Isocarpha Jaliscoa Jaramilloa Kaunia Koanophyllon Kyrsteniopsis Lapidia Lasiolaena Lepidesmia Leptoclinium Leto Liatris Litothamnus Litrisa Lomatozona Lorentzianthus Lourteigia Macropodina Macvaughiella Malmeanthus Malperia Matudina Metastevia Mexianthus Microspermum Mikania Monogereion Morithamnus Neocabreria Neocuatrecasia Neohintonia Neomirandea Nesomia Nothobaccharis Oaxacania Ophryosporus Osmiopsis Oxylobus Pachythamnus – synonym of Ageratina Paneroa Parapiqueria Peteravenia Phalacraea Phanerostylis Phania Piptothrix Piqueria Piqueriella Piqueriopsis Planaltoa Platypodanthera Pleurocoronis Polyanthina Praxeliopsis Praxelis Prolobus Pseudobrickellia Radlkoferotoma Raulinoreitzia Revealia Santosia Sartorina Scherya Sciadocephala Sclerolepis Semiria Shinnersia Siapaea Spaniopappus Sphaereupatorium Standleyanthus Stevia Steviopsis Steyermarkina Stomatanthes Stylotrichium Symphyopappus Tamaulipa Teixeiranthus Trichocoronis Trichogonia Trichogoniopsis Trilisa Tuberostylis Uleophytum Urbananthus Urolepis Vittetia Zyzyura
Classification
In 1987, Robert M. King and Harold E. Robinson wrote a book on Eupatorieae.King, R.M., and Robinson, H.E. 1987. The Genera of Eupatorieae Missouri Botanical Garden Monographs in Systematic Botany 22:1-581. Missouri Botanical Garden/Allen Press. Lawrence, Kansas, USA. In this book, they divided the tribe into 18 subtribes. These are Hofmeisteriinae, Oxylobinae, Oaxacaniinae, Mikaniinae, Trichocoroninae, Adenostemmatinae, Fleischmanniinae, Ageratinae, Eupatoriinae, Liatrinae, Praxelinae, Gyptidinae, Disynaphiinae, Ayapaninae, Alomiinae, Critoniinae, Hebecliniinae, and Neomirandeinae.
In 1994, Kare Bremer did a cladistic analysis of Eupatorieae in his book on the family Asteraceae.Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics & Classification. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon, USA. He recognized only 16 subtribes, subsuming Neomirandeinae into Hebecliniinae.
In 2007, D. J. Nicholas Hind and Harold E. Robinson covered Eupatorieae for The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. They recognized 17 subtribes equivalent to those of King and Robinson (1987) except that Oaxacaniinae was placed in the synonymy of Hofmeisteriinae.
The division of this tribe into subtribes is provisional and likely to change when more data, especially DNA sequence data, becomes available.
No DNA study has yet included a large number of species and sampled widely in Eupatorieae, but 3 studies have investigated Eupatorium and its relatives within the tribe.Schilling, E.E., Panero, J.L., and Cox, P.B. 1999. "Chloroplast DNA restriction site data support a narrow interpretation of Eupatorium". Plant Systematics and Evolution 219:209-223.Ito, M., Watanabe, K., Kita, Y., Kawahara, T., Crawford, D.J., and Yahara, T. 2000. "Phylogeny and Phytogeography of Eupatorium: Insights from sequence data of the nrDNA ITS regions and cpDNA RFLP". Journal of Plant Research 113(1109):79-89. These 3 studies are the basis for the phylogeny shown below.
In some of the older works, the genus Eupatorium has been circumscribed to include as many as 1200 species, over a third of the species in the tribe. In more recent works, Eupatorium has been defined to contain about 40–45 species, with the main differences between authors being whether to include Eutrochium and whether certain populations should be considered species, varieties, or hybrids.
As more becomes known about the Eupatorieae, other genera will surely have to be revised as well.
A partial phylogeny of the tribe (focusing on Eupatorium and some of the other North American genera) is:
From the positions of Stevia and Stomatanthes in the phylogeny, some of the subtribes are probably polyphyletic. Many of the branches in the tree above have only weak statistical support, so this tree can not serve as a basis for re-classification. For convenience, the genera will remain in their current subtribes until a much larger data set enables the production of a more robustly supported phylogeny.
Subtribes
In terms of the number of genera, the largest subtribes are Critoniinae (40), Gyptidinae (29), Ageratinae (26), Alomiinae (23), Ayapaninae (13), and Oxylobinae (9).
Gyptidinae, found mostly in eastern Brazil, is known to be polyphyletic. Hind and Robinson divide it into 3 groups based on Gyptis, Agrianthus, and Litothamnus.
Includes: Gyptis, Trichogonia, Campuloclinium, Conoclinium, Agrianthus, Lasiolaena, and Litothamnus.
Critoniinae. Includes: Critonia, Fleischmanniopsis, Ophryosporus, and Neocabreria.
References
External links
Eupatorieae In: Ed Schilling's Website
USDA Plants U.S. Department of Agriculture Plants Database