Mityaev (masculine, ) or Mityaeva (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ekaterina Mityaeva (born 1989), Russian athlete Galina Mityaeva (born 1984), Tajikistani hammer thrower Oleg Mityaev (born 1956), Russian bard, musician and actor Oleg Mityaev (general) (born c.1974), Russian lieutenant general