Karnaukhov (masculine, , ) or Karnaukhova (feminine, , ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Mikhail Karnaukhov (born 1994), Belarusian ice hockey player Pavel Karnaukhov (born 1997), Russian ice hockey player Valentina Vasilyevna Karnaukhova (born 2001), Russian video blogger, TikTok personality, singer, and actress